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[hal-04662621] Pour une vision plus holistique des liens entre agricultures et villes
En 2022, lors de la tenue du colloque de l’UGI en juillet à Paris, deux sessions parallèles ont été retenues autour du thème des agricultures urbaines, l’une portait sur « Agricultures urbaines au Sud et au Nord : vers une convergence des fonctions et des représentations » (animée par N. Rouget et C. Aubry) et l’autre s’intitulait « Vers une agrarisation de la ville ? L’intégration des pratiques agricoles dans la fabrique des quartiers » (animée par J. Salomon Cavin et G. Giacchè). Dans les deux sessions, les agricultures urbaines (AU), conformément aux canons les plus communément admis à l’échelle internationale, étaient entendues comme les agricultures prenant place en milieu urbain dense, mais aussi en proximité de la ville, entretenant des liens fonctionnels forts et partageant des ressources avec la ville (Mbaye, Moustier, 1999). À la suite de ces deux sessions, qui ont rassemblé douze et sept exposés, nous avons décidé d’unir nos forces pour lancer en janvier 2023 un appel à textes conjoint sur le thème « Agricultures urbaines au Nord et au Sud : conformer les agricultures, fabriquer la ville ».
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christine Aubry) 26 Jul 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04662621
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[hal-04659257] Jardiner et cuisiner collectivement pour favoriser l'accès à une alimentation choisie et durable
Ce rapport se base sur l’expérimentation « du Potager à la Marmite » (« PAM »), porté par le LAB3S et la Chaire Agricultures Urbaines en collaboration avec plusieurs partenaires locaux. PAM avait pour objectif de coupler jardin partagé et cuisine collective afin de favoriser l’accès à une alimentation choisie, saine et durable aux habitant.e.s de Bondy Nord. L’objectif était également de permettre la réappropriation de lieux communs de la ville par ses habitant.e.s et d’observer les dynamiques de partage de savoir et d’organisation dans un tel contexte. Cette expérimentation a eu lieu durant deux années (2022-2023). Elle s’inspire des cuisines collectives telles qu’elles sont pratiquées au Canada et tente de les adapter au contexte français.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucile Vigouroux) 22 Jul 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04659257
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[hal-04659205] Entretien avec Dr Awa Ba, Enseignante-Chercheure au Sénégal, spécialiste de l’agriculture urbaine
Le 12 juin 2024, dans le cadre de la réalisation de ce numéro de Territoires en Mouvement, consacré aux Agricultures urbaines au Nord et au Sud, et également dans la perspective de la tenue des Journées Internationales Francophones de l'Agriculture Urbaine (JIFAU), en 2025 à Dakar au Sénégal, les autrices (Giulia Giacchè, Joëlle Salomon Cavin et Christine Aubry) ont souhaité réaliser un entretien avec Awa Ba, une chercheuse sénégalaise spécialiste de l’agriculture urbaine. Elle mène actuellement une recherche dressant le bilan de 20 ans de recherches sur l’agriculture urbaine en Afrique de l’Ouest francophone et à Madagascar. Cet entretien revient sur son parcours, les origines et les principaux enseignements qu’elle tire de cette recherche.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Awa Ba) 22 Jul 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04659205
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[hal-01019877] The sociology of scientific work : the fundamental relationship between science and society
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Geneviève Teil) 16 Aug 2023
https://hal.science/hal-01019877
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[hal-01198246] Book review : Social Entrepreneurship and Societal Entrepreneurship
Two books, two very similar titles, social or societal entrepreneurship: the difference could track a theoretical divide between ‘social’ more or less understood as collective, and ‘societal’ referring to the emergence of a society as a proper and autonomous entity. But this difference, highlighted in the introductions, seems to fade away slightly as the chapters unfold. The similarity in the titles is no doubt due to the emergence of a strong research theme within a group of Swedish scholars who present here Swedish experiences around societal or social entrepreneurship.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Geneviève Teil) 11 Sep 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01198246
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[hal-01004651] Art Entrepreneurship edited by M. Scherdin and I. Zander
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Geneviève Teil) 11 Jun 2014
https://hal.science/hal-01004651
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[hal-04645595] Critical assessment of a financial policy instrument to promote repair business model: case study of the French Repair fund
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Helen Micheaux) 11 Jul 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04645595
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[hal-04497841] La Responsabilité Territoriale des Entreprises, agenda de recherche
Dans une société soumise aux demandes croissantes de prise en considération de l’environnement et du social, le territoire s’affirme plus que jamais comme le lieu des transformations et des réponses aux défis complexes. Alors que les entreprises peinent à établir leur responsabilité sociétale, cet article souligne l’originalité de la notion de Responsabilité Territoriale des Entreprises procédant à un changement radical d’approche. À partir d’une analyse de la littérature, nous étayons l’idée qu’il s’agit d’un entreprendre en collectif et en responsabilité pour le bien commun, renouvelant les cadres d’analyse des processus de développement territorial. Si l’Économie Sociale et Solidaire apparait comme un levier d’action pour impulser des dynamiques de coopération au sien des communautés, la RTE repose sur un basculement d’une conception individuelle à un construit collectif au plus près des besoins des acteurs dans les territoires, invitant à renouveler l’agenda de recherche.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Maryline Filippi) 11 Mar 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04497841
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[hal-01620718] WHEATAMIX Project : Increasing within-field wheat diversity to foster ecosystem services in the Parisian basin
WHEATAMIX Project : Increasing within-field wheat diversity to foster ecosystem services in the Parisian basin. 3. International Conference on Biodiversity and the UN Millennium Development Goals,Biodiversity and Food Security – From Trade-offs to Synergies
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Vincent Allard) 20 Oct 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01620718
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[hal-01620719] WHEATAMIX Project : Increasing within-field wheat diversity to foster ecosystem services in the Parisian basin
WHEATAMIX Project : Increasing within-field wheat diversity to foster ecosystem services in the Parisian basin. Solibam final congress - Diversity strategies for organic and low input agricultures and their food systems
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Vincent Allard) 20 Oct 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01620719
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[hal-01799552] Increasing species richness and genetic diversity in agriculture: results of the Wheatamix project
Homogenization and intensive use of inputs have provided major productivity gains in agriculture during the 20th century. However, new solutions are now needed to face the quest for greater agricultural sustainability. A better use of crop genetic diversity should be an essential leverage, as it could promote various ecosystem services, in a context of increasing environmental stochasticity caused by global change. Increasing within field diversity through the use of cultivar mixtures is a timely option, testified by with some significant “success stories” in the past, and recent bibliographic reviews. Yet, cultivar mixtures are poorly developed worldwide. In this context, the Wheatamix project studies the interest of mixing wheat genotypes to reinforce the sustainability, resilience, and multi-functionality of agriculture. Analyzing the interactions among genotypes and with the environment, Wheatamix develop new blending and breeding methods to obtain performing mixtures. Complementary experimental approaches are being deployed: i) a diversity experiment (88 large wheat plots with 1, 2, 4 or 8 varieties) to quantify the effects of wheat diversity on ecosystem services; ii) replicates of the same diversity experiment in 4 sites across France under low and high inputs, to test diversity effects under a wide range of soil and climate conditions; iii) a network of 30 farms, encompassing agro-climatic variability in the Paris basin, to compare the ecological and techno-economic performance of blends and monocultures. The first results characterize various ecosystem services provided by genetic diversity (yield stability; regulation of foliar diseases; insect pest and weed biocontrol; maintenance of soil fertility; biodiversity conservation), and raise important methodological and statistical issues, crucial when studying the causal link between bundles of functional traits and delivered groups of services. Finally, the Wheatamix project emphasizes the need of a pluri-disciplinary approach when addressing agroecological subjects, and illustrates the strong mutual benefices between agronomic and ecological sciences.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jerome Enjalbert) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01799552
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[hal-04314181] “Mother's milk”: Is there a social reversal in breastfeeding practices along with economic development?
The purpose of this article is to test the existence of a reversal in the association between household wealth and breastfeeding (BF) behavior throughout the development process of Asian countries. Our empirical investigations are based on 42 Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in 15 Asian countries with a large time window (1990-2017) aiming to capture the diversity of development levels. We construct four indicators describing adequate BF practices (early initiation of BF, exclusive BF, continued BF at one year and two years) and a harmonized asset-based composite index of household wealth allowing for comparison across DHS waves and countries. To highlight the dynamics of the wealth-BF association, we carry out econometric estimations including interaction terms between household wealth and the country’s level of economic development (low, medium, and high) or time. We also perform instrumental variable estimations aiming to limit suspected endogeneity issues. Our results confirm the existence of a transition in the wealth gradient of exclusive BF and continued BF in Asian countries. More precisely, while these practices are pro-poor in the poorest countries of the sample, they progressively spread to wealthier households along with the level of economic development. For exclusive BF namely, this transition has resulted in a reversal of the wealth gradient at the end of the period (i.e., exclusive BF prevalence among the rich overpassing that of the poor). We fail, however, to observe this kind of transition for early initiation of BF, this practice remaining pro-poor, whatever the level of economic development.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Elodie Rossi) 29 Nov 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04314181
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[hal-04522169] Planning the peri-urban green city: local regulations of private gardens in the Paris region
In contrast to community gardens or parks, private gardens have until only recently been little studied by social sciences despite their important socioecological value: due to their large aggregated surface in urban areas, they contribute significantly to maintaining urban biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and ecosystem services. They have also been shown to be valuable for human wellbeing and health, and by providing contact with the living environment, they are a means of connecting urban dwellers with nature. Among the understudied peri-urban gardens, vegetable gardens are a particularly neglected category. They have been overlooked by government agencies and non-governmental organizations and understudied by academics. However, interest in vegetable gardens is suddenly increasing. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, many people confined to their homes began or resumed gardening, with a particular interest in growing fruits and vegetables. In France, the largest online plant seller indicated that its sale of vegetable plants and seeds increased by 3.5-fold during the lockdown of spring 2020 and that one in ten customers started a vegetable garden for the very first time during this period. We present selected results from a sociological inquiry on planning regulations of gardens, conducted within a multidisciplinary research project, mobilizing approaches from ecology, sociology, and geography to study peri-urban gardens in an integrative way. Our study is based on the quantitative analysis of a sample of municipal land-use plans in the Paris region, completed by qualitative interviews with local stakeholders. We show that local planning policies may have an impact on the frequency, dimension and typology of gardens. Local choices made by planning authorities at a very local level may conduct to heterogeneous situations in terms of regulations that may foster, or by contrast, hinder garden preservation.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Anaïs Mohamed) 26 Mar 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04522169
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[hal-04659210] Laurence Granchamp, Sandrine Glatron (dir.), 2021, Militantismes et potagers, Villeneuve d’Ascq, Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 317 pages.
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Giulia Giacché) 22 Jul 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04659210
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[hal-04484959] Contribution to the theory of territorial development: a territorial innovations approach
This paper provides a new definition of territorial development based on two engines, production and governance relations, and linked to a broader conception of territorial innovation. Starting with a short survey of previous works, it presents the two major building blocks, and proposes a detailed categorisation of territorial innovations, their origin, and their contribution to production and governance dynamics. It then draws a definition and a description of territorial development processes based on these two engines, and in conclusion opens the way for future researches on bifurcations and ruptures of trajectories emerging from territorial innovations.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (André Torre) 01 Mar 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04484959
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[hal-00886026] Spatialising crop models
There are many incentives for applying a crop model on a regional scale, i.e. over an area larger than that for which it has been developed. This is what we call "spatialising" a crop model. These large areas can have very heterogeneous soil, climate and management practices. Consequently, spatialising a crop model can raise serious problems. One set arises from the fact that the basic concepts, hypotheses and validity domains of crop models are derived on the plot scale and may not apply on a larger scale. Another set arises from the lack of adequate and sufficient data to run the model on a regional scale. The workshop held in Toulouse (France) on 14-15 January 2002 dealt with the topic of spatialising crop models. The present paper is a comprehensive summary of the thoughts we had before, during and after the workshop.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Robert Faivre) 11 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-00886026
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[hal-00885966] Yield and protein concentration of spring malting barley: the effects of cropping systems in the Paris Basin (France)
In an intensive farming region, where farmers achieve very good results with winter wheat or sugar beet, there are still many problems in achieving combined control of yield and grain protein concentration in spring malting barley. A regional agronomic diagnosis was performed on the variations of both these outputs, in a network of twenty farmers' fields for three years. Three key variables explained the joint variations in yield and protein concentration: total nitrogen absorbed by the crop, the efficiency of absorbed N relative to the number of grains, and mean grain weight. Analysis of variations for these variables, within the network, enabled us to understand which situations produced satisfactory results and which did not: available nitrogen in the soil, topsoil structure, crop water supply and the level of the root disease take-all, were the main environmental conditions affecting yield and grain protein concentration. Improvements in cropping systems and barley husbandry are proposed in order to increase yield and manage protein concentration.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marianne Le Bail) 11 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-00885966
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[hal-02669953] Certification and quality signals in the aquaculture sector in France
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Catherine Mariojouls) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02669953
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[hal-01123079] Spatialisation de scénarios d'évolution du ruissellement érosif et implications pour les politiques publiques locales
Le ruissellement agricole dépend de l’utilisation des sols et de sa localisation au sein d’un bassin versant, l’utilisation des sols étant elle-même dépendante du contexte socio-économique. En prenant le cas du Pays de Caux, nous avons exploré les conséquences de futurs changements de contexte sur ce phénomène à travers l’évaluation environnementale de scénarios prospectifs à l’échelle du bassin versant. Cette démarche implique la spatialisation de scénarios narratifs. Lors de cette étape nous avons effectué des choix qui ont des conséquences sur les volumes ruisselés à l’exutoire du bassin versant dont les décideurs publics doivent avoir connaissance dans une optique d’aide à la décision publique.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Céline Ronfort) 04 Mar 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01123079
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[hal-04659232] Agricultural practices in French prisons: towards better agro-ecological environments
Urban agriculture (UA) can fulfil a variety of functions from recreational and ecological ones to promoting health or enhancing food security and it is attested by an extensive bibliography. In the prison environment, the most recognized functions are: i-improving well-being during detention and ii-foresting prisoners for social and professional reintegration by training. Our study aims to characterise the diversity of forms and functions that UA assumes in prisons. It questions the multiple benefits offered by this kind of projects in this particular context and their capacity to reduce socio-environmental inequalities. Semi-structured interviews with 31 stakeholders enabled us to identify the functions, obstacles, and levers of these projects. The initial results of the survey confirm the multiplicity of functions provided by agricultural activities including food production, even though this is not usually the main function expected. While some products are sold to third parties, in many cases the vegetables and fruits produced are also eaten by the gardeners themselves. This increases the possibilities of deciding which food to eat, enhancing knowledge on its production processes. Paid employment was also identified as a possible function of this kind of projects. However, access to green spaces, training and even jobs are generally highly segmented in term of gender, behaviours, and spatial constraints. These activities should not become a source of segregation and exclusion. Consideration needs to be given to the most appropriate layout of existing and future establishments to achieve greater spatial and social justice.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Daniela Sias) 22 Jul 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04659232
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[hal-04655409] Changes in cropping systems associated with biogas plants in French cereal-growing areas
Anaerobic digestion (AD) offers a triple transition opportunity by fostering renewable energy, contributing to a circular economy through waste recycling, and supporting farmer autonomy. In France, AD deployment has recently surged, with an expected rise in energy cover crop (ECC) utilisation, potentially reshaping cropping systems and agricultural practices. However, farming systems linked to AD remain understudied in France, resulting in AD assessments often disconnected from actual farming conditions. Through semi-structured interviews with farmers, we characterised cropping system changes of non-livestock farming systems with AD, focusing on French cereal-growing regions (most impacted by ECC introduction). Key findings reveal barley and rye predominance as winter ECC, and maize and sorghum as summer ECC. These ECC are often treated with pesticides, and irrigated on half of the interviewed farms during summer. Although digestate has the potential to reduce fertiliser use, actual savings varied among farms. This highlights the importance of effective digestate management and the use of agro-industrial waste in AD. AD farming systems may affect water resources, necessitating future AD assessments to consider the impacts of climate change and water scarcity on yields. Our findings underscore the importance of aligning AD deployment with sustainable agricultural practices to ensure a successful energy transition.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Léa Boros) 22 Jul 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04655409
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[hal-04152921] La méthode IDEA4. Indicateurs de Durabilité des Exploitations Agricoles. Principes & guide d’utilisation. Évaluer la durabilité de l’exploitation agricole
https://www.edued.fr/LS/IDEAV4 ouvrage téléchargeable IDEA4 est une méthode d’évaluation et d’analyse de la durabilité des exploitations agricoles basée sur des indicateurs. Son cadre théorique combine une double approche basée sur les trois dimensions de la durabilité - agroécologique - socio-territoriale - économique - et les cinq propriétés des systèmes agricoles durables - capacité productive et reproductive de biens et services - autonomie - ancrage territorial - robustesse - responsabilité globale. Cette double lecture de la durabilité est une innovation majeure dans le panorama international des méthodes d’évaluation de la durabilité. La méthode IDEA4 est un outil transparent et opérationnel, directement applicable pour les systèmes de production agricole de France métropolitaine et plus largement d’Europe. IDEA4 a également l’aptitude d’être un support théorique et un outil d’évaluation pour les autres agricultures du monde moyennant quelques ajustements. Ses cinquante-trois indicateurs ont des modes de calculs ouverts et scientifiquement justifiés. Sa mise en œuvre s’opère sur une plage de temps raisonnable grâce des supports opérationnels pour le traitement des données et la production des résultats (fiches explicatives, guide d’enquête, calculateur, plateforme WEB-IDEA, etc.). La méthode IDEA4 permet d’identifier des voies de progrès vers plus de durabilité dans les démarches individuelles ou collectives de transition agroécologique. Elle est déjà largement utilisée dans l'enseignement agricole ou supérieur, dans les activités de conseil et d'accompagnement à la transition agroécologique, dans l’action publique pour la mise en œuvre et le suivi de programmes et dans la recherche. Cet ouvrage est le fruit d’un travail collectif interdisciplinaire conduit au sein du Comité Scientifique IDEA qui s’est réuni sous la direction scientifique de Frédéric Zahm. (voir https://methode-idea.org/ et https://www.edued.fr/LS/IDEAV4
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Frédéric Zahm) 05 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04152921
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[hal-04181469] Farmer-gatherers of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) in hexagonal France and in French Guiana: convergences, singularities and challenges
While medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are subject to an increasing interest and a growing demand, this paper focuses on MAP farmer-gatherers’ work. We adopt a crossing perspective between metropolitan France and the ultramarine territory of French Guiana. Based on surveys among MAP farmer-gatherers and related associations and on a good understanding of the socio-economic and institutional context, this paper explores through a comparative approach, the specificity of MAP farmer-gatherers’ job and the professionalization process in which they are engaged.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucie Dejouhanet) 16 Aug 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04181469
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[hal-04171456] The role of green roofs as urban habitats for biodiversity modulated by their design: a review
In view of the demographic revolution and the rapid development of urban environments, the installation of green roofs could be a tool to ensure human well-being (e.g. heat island reduction, rainwater management), or to increase urban biodiversity. However, the relationships between biodiversity and green roofs are not yet clear and little research has looked into this. We therefore reviewed studies on the overall biodiversity of green roofs. Our review has shown that there is a lack of knowledge of the biodiversity of green roofs, with recent consideration. We highlighted the importance of green roof contribution, in maintaining urban biodiversity through three lines of research: characterization, modes of use and design. Furthermore, we found that there were very few studies on soil biodiversity on this topic. We concluded that green roof construction guidelines should integrate soil communities into their design and aim to be heterogeneous at roof and landscape level. Future research should focus on the diversification and redundancy of rooftop conditions in the urban matrix. This would increase the area of green habitats and the success of species dispersal in cities.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sékou F M Coulibaly) 26 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04171456
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[hal-04185642] Sustainable and local food procurement in the case of a collective catering association in France: what changes in the managerial work?
In France, collective catering is a sector under pressure due to, inter alia, controlled meal prices, strict health regulations, and new needs and consumption patterns (such as the development of teleworking and food preferences). In addition to these constraints, there are new regulations and directives for the development of a sustainable food supply, notably under the Egalim law. This encourages, and sometimes even compels, changes within these collective catering organizations. Our aim is to study how managers are steering these changes. In this article we propose a multidisciplinary approach that combines management science and ergonomics to identify the work transformations introduced by middle managers, and their framework for managing change in private catering organizations seeking to offer more sustainable meals. In order to identify key situations in middle managers’ work that require further investigation, we adopt a longitudinal and systemic approach to organizational change and highlight some markers of the managerial activity (organizational processes and management tools). This method is structured around four forms of representation: (1) a timeline of change; (2)a narrative focusing on a given lever of change in relation to sustainability issues; (3) a process flow chart; and (4) an identity card for management tools. We illustrate its use with the case of the introduction of a daily vegetarian dish in a collective catering organization. The multiplication and articulation of these representations allow us to identify and to characterize the nature and extent of the changes while providing a more systemic understanding. This serves as a support to discuss with the middle managers their activity related to the development of a sustainable food supply
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alice Lyonnet) 23 Aug 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04185642
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[hal-04189708] Reterritorialisation of agricultural activities in land-use and food planning: comparing the Netherlands and France
The reterritorialisation of agricultural activities (RAA) consists of reinforcing local food production and its diversification activities oriented toward local consumers. RAA helps shape the local food system, which is an increasingly studied topic in the planning field. However, institutional impacts on planning approaches for RAA remain unknown. This study examines this question by comparing land-use and food planning in Dutch and French cases, where France defines food planning via national law and the Netherlands does not. Through analysis of planning documents and semi-structured interviews, we identified planning goals and instruments, and analysed governance models. We then linked these three components to understand institutional impacts. Our empirical findings reveal that regarding planning policies on RAA, there are differences between the two countries in terms of focused action fields, planning instruments, and links between land-use and food planning. Our results show that the dominance of state-local relationships in France and civil society-government relationships in the Netherlands has a significant effect on planning approaches. This study supports the need for an emphasis on institutional design for effective planning for RAA.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Tianzhu Liu) 29 Aug 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04189708
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[hal-04536324] Integrating land and food policy to transform territorial food systems in the context of coexisting agri-food models: Case studies in France
Making the shift from global to territorial food systems is critical for sustainability and demands transformative, coherent, and integrated land and food policies. However, how policy integration may be achieved or hindered remains unclear, particularly in the case of coexisting agri-food models. The coexistence of conflicting models, such as specialization versus diversification and agro-industrial versus ecological practices, entails power relations that significantly influence the political agenda. Drawing on semi-structured interviews and document analysis, we focus on land-use planning and local food policies to examine how policy integration is shaped by, and reshapes, power relations in the context of coexisting agri-food models in a sample of case studies in France. Our findings show that policy integration occurs with innovative initiatives at the stage where territorial agriculture is assessed, strategies are determined, and policy instruments designed. Integration is, however, constrained by unbalanced power relations, which restrict land-based policy interventions that seek to transform food systems. Local authorities exercise caution when applying these interventions, seeking to involve major farmers’ organizations while mitigating contentions. The policy integration process reshapes power relations, empowering alternative minority agri-food professionals through greater influence in the political arena. This process also helps local authorities to acquire legitimacy in agri-food matters. As one of the first studies to offer empirical evidence about land and food policy integration, this article provides insights for policymaking in terms of the crafting of enabling institutional contexts for the transformation of territorial food systems. Future research is suggested to explore contextual influences and power dynamics in policy implementation.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Tianzhu Liu) 08 Apr 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04536324
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[hal-04382134] Recovery from the pandemic: planning the reterritorialisation of agricultural activities
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Tianzhu Liu) 09 Jan 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04382134
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[hal-04215019] An online downscaling method to simulate high resolution atmospheric concentrations of pesticides with the 3D Chemistry-Transport Model CHIMERE: application and evaluation
High resolution databases on atmospheric concentrations of pesticides are necessary in order to perform epidemiological studies but there is currently no modeling method to provide high resolution mapping of pesticides concentrations over a whole region. In this study, we propose an online downscaling method for CHIMERE to perform simulations at a sub-kilometer resolution. The main idea of this downscaling approach is to redistribute or interpolate some information simulated on the coarse grid to simulate the transport over a finer subgrid. The performance of the downscaling is analyzed by comparing the CHIMERE nested simulation results at 0.02° and CHIMERE simulation results downscaled from 0.1° to 0.02°. By applying this method to S-metolachlor, we diagnosed an error generated by the downscaling of a few percents on both background and hotspot concentrations. The method was used to simulate concentrations over France at a resolution of 0.004° with a limited increase of the computational time. Based on these simulations, we estimated that around 3 000 inhabitants were exposed to concentrations of S-metolachlor above 10 ng/m from April 15th to May 15th 2014.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Florian Couvidat) 26 Sep 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04215019
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[hal-02809023] Improvements of the SIPPOM-WOSR model for evaluation of management scenarios towards control of blackleg of winter oilseed rape
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Laure L. Hossard) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02809023
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[hal-01186819] Methods for IPM : advances in the methodological workpackage of PURE
The overall objective of PURE is to provide practical IPM solutions to reduce dependence on pesticides in selected major farming systems in Europe. This paper summarises methodological advances with regards to the design and assessment of IPM solutions. The presented case studies include major crops (cropping systems based on wheat or maize), field vegetables, orchards, vineyard and Controlled Environment Agriculture systems. - Ecological modelling. A software package (Universal Simulator) for collaborative ecological modelling is now available:http://www.ecolmod.org/. - Modelling for ex-ante and ex post assessment of IPM solutions. A multi-criteria model (DEXIPM) for sustainability assessment of innovative crop protection strategies has been developed along with SYNOPS, a web-based model for scaling up ex-post pesticide risk assessments at the individual crop level to the farm and regional levels. In addition, a model for ex-ante evaluation of IPM solutions is currently under development specifically for orchards (PREMISE). - Multiple pest modelling. An interactive generic modelling platform to help design models that simulate yield losses caused by an injury profile in a given production situation (X-PEST) is currently under development. Moreover, theoretical mathematical modelling approaches are conducted to represent the interactions between generalist biological control agents and multiple pests. - Optimisation techniques. Reinforcement learning methods have been adapted and applied to IPM. Multiobjective optimisation algorithms for model-based design of IPM solutions are being developed. The Graph based Markov Decision Process framework is being used for the optimisation of sequential decisions under uncertainty in a spatial context. - Cost-benefit analysis and consumers' willingness to pay. Cost-benefit analyses are conducted for IPM solutions tested in the PURE project. An experimental approach is planned to characterise consumers' willingness to pay for agricultural goods produced under IPM solutions as a function of their level of information on the mode of production. It is important to state that the methodological breakthroughs produced in this work package will not only benefit to the PURE project, but also aim at contributing to the design of practical IPM solutions to reduce dependence on pesticides for a wider range of farming systems. This is made possible by ensuring as much as possible genericity in the developed approaches.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Noël Aubertot) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01186819
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[hal-02788387] What were the relative influences of cropping systems, injury profiles and institutional determinants on the spatio-temporal structure of bread wheat varietal and genetic diversity in France ?
In the current context of increasing climate instabilities and new pest pressures, in situ crop diversity has been recognized as a relevant way to lower the genetic vulnerability of a crop. Before implementing any future deployment of within-crop diversity in agricultural landscapes, a detailed knowledge of the main drivers that affect the spatio-temporal structure of crop diversity appears necessary. Our study was primarily carried out to identify the drivers of bread wheat diversity at fine spatio-temporal scale in France over the period 1981-2006 by accounting for acreage frequencies and allelic composition of varieties.As highlighted in previous studies, both varietal and genetic diversity were spatially structured among major agricultural production areas, as well as several of their portential drivers describing cropping systems, pathogen pressures and institutional determinants of the formal wheat sector. We hypothesized that these potential drivers could have a higher explanatory power of the varietal diversity (based only on the varietal denomination summarizing performances of the variety on which farmers rely to make their varietal choices). Based on a set of fine-grained spatio-temporal datasets, we computed indicators considered as relevant proxies of these portential drivers and conducted a set of statistical analyses and an expert survey. We confirmed that the drivers identified explained more the spatio-temporal structure of bread heat varietalrather than genetic diversity. In addition, these results highlighted that diversity appeared to be higher when larger production areas of bread wheat with a greater diversity of preceding crops were sown, then potentially promoting the choice of a higher number of varieties with different earliness classes. On the contrary, a high proportion of maize or wheat as preceding crops, know to have adverse effects on subsequent wheat production, as well as a high level of risk of pathogens favored by these preceding crops, such as fusarium head blight, were negatively correlated with a higher varietal diversity. A higher production area of bread wheat with greater diversity of preceding crops was also positively associated with a higher neutral genetic diversity, hile more specialized agroecosystems would reduce the effective and relevant varietal choice.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rémi Perronne) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02788387
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[hal-02801578] Structure spatio-temporelle de la diversité cultivée du blé tendre et de ses déterminants potentiels : Étude de cas en France
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rémi Perronne) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02801578
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[hal-02737850] Relative influence of cropping systems, injury profiles and institutional determinants on the spatio-temporal structure of bread wheat diversity in France
In the current context of increasingclimate instabilities and new pest pressures, in situ crop diversity has been recognized as a relevant way to avoid crop failure, ensure yield inter-annual stability while reducing the use of synthetic inputs. However, before implementing any future deployment of within-crop diversity, a detailed nowledge of the main drivers affecting this diversity appears necessary. The temporal evolution of in situ genetic diversity of bread wheat has been previously shown to be spatially structured among regions in France over the period 1980-2006. Our study was carried out to identify the main drivers of this spatio-temporal structure of crop diversity at a fine spatio-temporal scale. We conducted a series of statistical analyses and expert surveys to identify the effects of three main catergories of drivers : agricultural systems, pathogen pressures and institutional determinants of the formal wheat sector. We hypothesized that this set of drivers could have a higher explanatory power of the varietal diversity - i.e. based only on the varietal denomination which allows varietal choice by drivers - the cultivation area of bread wheat, the nature and the diversity of the preceding crops, and the pressure of some pathogens - explained the spatio-temporal structure of varietal diversity more than the genetic one. We highlighted a correlation between bread wheat varietal and genetic diversity and a greater diversity of preceding crops, suggesting that more diversified agroecsystems seemed also promoted a higher within-crop diversity.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rémi Perronne) 02 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02737850
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[hal-02790829] Relative influence of agricultural systems, pathogen pressures and soci-economic drivers on spatio-temporal changes of cultivated bread wheat varietal and genetic diversity over recent decades in France
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rémi Perronne) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02790829
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[hal-02804183] L’avenir
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Marc Meynard) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02804183
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[hal-04653805] Pourquoi certains pays d'Asie du Sud-Est pourraient voir leur taux d’obésité exploser
Si beaucoup de pays d'Asie du Sud-Est échappaient jusqu'à présent à l'épidémie d'obésité qui touche presque tous les pays du monde, il semble que cela pourrait changer. Une étude montre que près de 50 % des produits alimentaires commercialisés pour les nourrissons et les jeunes enfants dans sept capitales de cette région du monde sont des aliments ultra-transformés. En plus d’être riches en sel, en sucre, 30 % de ces produits contiennent des additifs, dont certains sont même non autorisés.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Isabelle Do O'Gomes) 19 Jul 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04653805
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[hal-03650444] Place-based social-ecological research is crucial for designing collective management of ecosystem services
Agricultural intensification tends to maximize provisioning services at the expense of regulating, cultural and supporting ecosystem services (ES). Enhancing agroecosystem sustainability requires both individual and collective solutions, but these are particularly difficult to design and implement since knowledge is lacking and ES may be considered either as private, common or public goods. This study focuses on the role that research can play in such complex design processes. It draws on the reflexive analysis of a place-based and long-term research programme conducted in a Long-Term Social-Ecological Research (LTSER) infrastructure, the Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de S`evre (western France). In this programme, researchers explored several pathways of collaboration with local stakeholders to both produce knowledge and design solutions for sustainable ES management. Four major steps in the research programme are highlighted: (i) a centralized landscape management strategy to reconcile agricultural production and biodiversity; (ii) a participatory design approach to design sustainable agroecosystems; (iii) the implementation of social-ecological experiments on farms to reduce the use of chemical inputs; and (iv) a multifaceted intervention research project to involve a diversity of stakeholders in designing sustainable agrifood systems. For each of these steps, we describe the targeted issues, the ES at stake, the scientific concepts, theories and protocols used, and the design processes and types of interactions developed with stakeholders. We draw lessons from each step, underlining the achievements and difficulties. The paper concludes with insights on the role that researchers can play to foster the collective design of a social-ecological system delivering multiple ES.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Elsa Berthet) 22 Jul 2024
https://hal.science/hal-03650444
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[hal-04631258] A modeling framework of a territorial socio-ecosystem to study the trajectories of change in agricultural phytosanitary practices
Despite the growing societal demands to reduce pesticide use, public policies struggle to reverse the current upward trend. Agroecology emerges as a promising solution, as it promotes ecological regulation and sustainable practices. The systemic nature of the agro-ecological transition requires the development of an interdisciplinary approach. In this respect, models integrating ecological, economic, and social aspects are valuable for understanding the dynamics of agroecosystems. The objective of this article is to investigate the trajectories of change in the pesticide practices of agricultural territories taking into account ecological and economic dynamics. We built a socio-ecological modeling framework of a socio-ecosystem at the territorial scale. This generic agent-based model is developed to simulate both farmers’ decision-making (based on its own profit and that of others, and its willingness to change) and disease dynamics (based on the inoculum, the probability of infection, the probability of disease escape, and the previous disease). We first used the model to simulate the impact of different economic or ecological territorial characteristics on the trajectories of agricultural practices in the territory. Second, we aimed to analyze the final states of the territories (at equilibrium) based on scenarios of variations in the economic (the cost of pesticides), ecological (the dispersal capacity of the disease), and agronomic (the ability to escape the disease of no-input farming) parameters. The final states of the territories were analyzed using four categories of indicators (farming practices, the profits, the number of infected fields and the use of fungicides). The study revealed strong threshold effects, non-linear effects and linear effects, on the number of farmers performing the different practices in the territory. These effects are highlighted respectively for the scenarios of increased cost of pesticides, increased disease escape of no-input farming and increased the disease dispersal. Our results highlighted the need to take into account combinations of levers and to study trajectories of change in order to promote sustainable agriculture. Finally, we discussed the possibility of using such models to guide public policies in favor of agroecology.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Amélie Bourceret) 02 Jul 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04631258
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[hal-04341666] Life cycle assessment of eight urban farms and community gardens in France and California
Urban agriculture (UA) is often positioned as an senvironmentally sustainable food supply for cities. However, life cycle assessments (LCA) measuring environmental impacts of UA show mixed results, because of inconsistent application of LCA and reliance on hypothetical case studies. To address these shortcomings, we performed an LCA of eight urban farms and community gardens in Paris, France and San Francisco, California, USA. We collected primary data from sites representing diverse growing systems (low-intensity open-field to open-air hydroponics) and motivations (education, civic engagement, and commercial production). We found that medium-tech farms, with minimum social engagement had the lowest impacts using a kilogram-based functional unit, but socially-oriented farms had the lowest impacts with an area-based functional unit. Most impacts came from infrastructure (irrigation pipes, hydroponics structures), irrigation, compost, and peat for seedlings. Our findings can help LCA practitioners perform UA LCAs more completely/consistently, and help urban farmers/gardeners target high-environmental-impact practices to optimize.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Erica Dorr) 22 Jul 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04341666
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[hal-04341695] Best practices for consistent and reliable life cycle assessments of urban agriculture
There is increasing interest in evaluating the environmental performance of urban agriculture (UA), primarily using life cycle assessment (LCA). However, LCA has been applied to UA inconsistently, making it difficult to confidently compare or draw conclusions from existing studies. This article outlines the key challenges of applying LCA to UA and recommends concrete steps to bring consistency and comprehensiveness to the topic. The research questions that LCA can address are framed before providing practical recommendations for performing LCAs of UA, considering several of its unique aspects that require special attention by practitioners. These include crop diversity, data availability, modeling compost, soil carbon sequestration, producing growing media, distribution of crops, and variability and uncertainty. Next, the article proposes future research areas that will benefit LCA generally and its application to UA, such as framing UA as urban green infrastructure, evaluating at the city scale, accounting for ecosystem services, and including social dimensions of UA. By following these recommendations, future LCAs of UA can be more consistent, comparable, and holistic, and will help build knowledge and inform policy-making and practices around UA.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Erica Dorr) 20 Jul 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04341695
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[hal-04653765] Analysing farmer biomass, product, labour and land exchanges in a range of European landscapes
Bucking the trend of specialisation, a few pioneering farmers have reintegrated livestock onto crop farms. These systems have been neglected by research to date. We identified French farmers’ motivations for reintegrating livestock into specialised crop farms and crop-producing regions. Following innovation-tracking principles, we interviewed 18 crop farmers having reintegrated livestock in various systems in two regions dominated by crop farming. The semi-directed interviews focused on farmers’ motivations for reintegrating livestock and were completed by farmers’ ranking of 10/36 cards representing their main agronomic, economic, social and environmental motivations for crop-livestock farming. Seven categories of motivations for reintegrating livestock emerged from inductive content analysis: following personal ethical and moral values, increasing and stabilising income, promoting ecosystem services, increasing self-sufficiency and traceability, connecting to the local community, decreasing pollution and keeping the landscape open. Agricultural motivations, particularly related to soil quality, dominated both discourse analysis and motivation card rankings. Economic and social motivations were closely ranked, with income stability and social connections being primary drivers. Environmental motivation cards were less selected. This study is the first to provide a ranked summary of crop farmers’ motivations for reintegrating livestock. Understanding this diversity is an initial step in supporting the development of this practice.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Francesco Accatino) 19 Jul 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04653765
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[hal-01455889] Les services rendus par la polyculture-élevage dans les territoires
Les services rendus par la polyculture-élevage dans les territoires. Séminaire polyculture-élevage ACTA-INRA
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Julie Ryschawy) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01455889
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[hal-02745046] Assessing the multiple services provided by livestock: a French case-study
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Julie J. Ryschawy) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02745046
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[hal-01602571] Assessing multiple goods and services derived from livestock farming on a nation-wide gradient
Livestock farming is an essential activity in many rural areas, where it contributes to the maintenance of soil fertility and farmland biodiversity, as well as to a set of social public goods including food security, rural vitality and culture. However, livestock sustainability assessments tend to focus primarily on environmental and economic dimensions; therefore, these valuations might be limited because they do not consider the complete set of associated goods and services (GS). Hence, a need exists to recognise the multiple contributions provided by livestock to human well-being and society. The objective of this study was to analyse the provision of multiple GS derived from livestock across regions in France and empirically demonstrate sets of GS that repeatedly appeared together. We designated these multiple GS provided by livestock as contributions to productive, environmental, rural vitality and cultural benefits that human populations derive directly or indirectly from livestock agroecosystems. First, we combined expert knowledge with results of a literature review to define a bundle of GS provided by livestock. We then described indicators that quantified each good or service and screened national databases to determine the availability of supporting data. Finally, we assessed the GS and their relationships (synergies or trade-offs) on a nation-wide gradient in France at the department level (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 3). Four main categories of GS were considered: provisioning (e.g. food quantity and quality), environmental quality (e.g. biodiversity, landscape heterogeneity, water quality), rural vitality (e.g. employment, rural dynamism) and culture (e.g. gastronomy and landscape heritage). Four major types of GS bundles were identified, which suggested strong contrasts among French rural areas in terms of the nature of the GS that occurred together and their levels of provision. GS bundles in France had a non-random spatial distribution. This study represents an initial step towards developing a methodology to consider GS bundles provided by livestock. Nonetheless, further research is needed to understand socio-economic, environmental, political and geographic determinants of the composition of GS bundles.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Julie Ryschawy) 02 Oct 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01602571
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[hal-04652539] Construction of crop successions using Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) data in France from 2007 to 2020
The use of machine learning considerably increased in recent years, mainly due to advances in computing power and an easier access to it. At the same time, open data policies at European level enabled an easier access to many data sources (Southworth 2021). Notably, thanks to the Copernicus satellite imagery programme, a wide range of land use mapping applications have been developed. In this context, access to quality data is essential to properly train and evaluate machine learning algorithms (Gounari et al., 2022). This allows robust and generalizable predictors to be applied over large areas. At the European level, the combination of spatial imagery data (Sentinel) with data from the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS; within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy, CAP) is increasingly being used to map agricultural land use (Dobrinić et al., 2021; Orynbaikizy et al., 2020; Blickensdorfer et al., 2022). The use of these data in the training and evaluation of algorithms is decisive for the efficiency and generalization of the predictors obtained (Blickensdorfer et al., 2022). The research unit INRAE-SADAPT (French National Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment) provides annual data on crop filiation and sequence at islet and parcel level for 2007-2014 and 2015-2020, respectively. These data are constructed from the information in the LPIS within the framework of the CAP using the RPG Explorer software (Levavasseur et al., 2016). They provide access to rich information, both temporally and spatially, on the whole of France's agricultural rotation. Our work presents the datasets of crop sequences produced from 2007 to 2020 at an islet/parcel level, and aims to validate or identify new uses of these data with respect to digital soil mapping, and make a possible generalization at the European level.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Baptiste Girault) 18 Jul 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04652539
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[hal-04652744] Parcellaire des fermes laitières : un enjeu de compétitivité et de durabilité
Où en est le parcellaire des exploitations bovines laitières en France ? Quelles différences territoriales sur le morcellement et l’accessibilité au pâturage ? Les résultats d’une étude basée sur le recensement agricole permettent de faire le point et d’explorer son influence sur le pâturage, les charges d’une exploitation et la consommation de carburant. Le parcellaire est un élément clef d'un système d'élevage influençant sur la conduite du troupeau et des surfaces fourragères. Or la restructuration de la filière laitière ces dernières années s'est accompagnée d'une forte réduction du nombre de sièges d’exploitations et d'une tendance à la dispersion des parcellaires. Quel est aujourd'hui l'état du parcellaire des élevages bovins laitiers Français ? Les premiers résultats affichent de grandes disparités entre plaines et zones défavorisées, entre régions et au sein des régions. Les stratégies des éleveurs laitiers sont en phase avec le parcellaire qu'ils exploitent: en moyenne plus un parcellaire est morcelé, plus il sera susceptible de moins pâturer, d'être basé sur le maïs, et d'avoir recours à un atelier de vaches allaitantes ou de bœufs pour valoriser des prairies éloignées. Cependant, des marges de manœuvre existent parmi les systèmes les moins pâturant pour exploiter le parcellaire proche de la salle de traite. Des solutions techniques existent aussi pour optimiser l'accessible et agrandir les surfaces accessibles par l'investissement dans un boviduc ou l'échange de parcelles entre agriculteurs.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Baptiste Girault) 18 Jul 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04652744
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[hal-04652778] État des lieux du parcellaire des élevages laitiers dans le Grand Ouest : quelles conséquences sur l’accessibilité au pâturage, la consommation de carburants et les résultats technico-économiques ?
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Baptiste Girault) 18 Jul 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04652778
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[hal-04652765] Parcellaire des élevages laitiers Français : état des lieux, impacts, solutions
Le parcellaire est un élément clef d'un système d'élevage influençant sur la conduite du troupeau et des surfaces fourragères. Or la restructuration de la filière laitière ces dernières années s'est accompagnée d'une forte réduction du nombre de sièges d’exploitations et d'une tendance à la dispersion des parcellaires. Quel est aujourd'hui l'état du parcellaire des élevages laitiers Français ? Ce diaporama reprend les résultats de l'étude Parcellaire : Quelles sont les différences territoriales sur le morcellement et l’accessibilité au pâturage des exploitations bovines laitières ? Quelle évolution depuis 2010 ? Quels sont les liens avec la stratégie du système fourrager, le pâturage et la consommation d’intrants ? Pour aller au-delà du diagnostic, le webinaire fera un zoom sur le B.A.-BA de l’échange parcellaire.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Brendan Godoc) 18 Jul 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04652765
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[hal-01173087] Systèmes alimentaires
Ce chapitre concerne les systèmes alimentaires avec une double approche innovante. Tout d’abord, en les considérant en interaction avec les systèmes énergétiques et chimiques au sein des écosystèmes, il pose la question de l’allocation des ressources (terres et biomasse). Ensuite, une approche socio-économique met l’accent sur la diversité de ces systèmes alimentaires. Différents types de systèmes coexistent et représentent différentes manières de produire, transformer, distribuer et consommer les produits alimentaires. Le système alimentaire "global" apparaît comme la combinaison, en recomposition permanente, de ces différents types de systèmes, qui s’influencent réciproquement. Grâce à cette double approche des systèmes alimentaires, de nouvelles questions à la recherche apparaissent. De nouveaux cadres analytiques pourraient permettre de mieux considérer d’une part cette interconnexion des systèmes alimentaires au sein des écosystèmes et d’autre part leur diversité et recombinaisons permanentes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Paul Colonna) 07 Jul 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01173087
