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[hal-05735073] Crise agricole : nourrir l’humanité exige une révolution intérieure
Face aux canicules, à l’épuisement des sols et à la détresse des agriculteurs, des voix appellent à un changement de conscience pour repenser en profondeur notre rapport à la nourriture. Cette question fait actuellement l’objet d’un premier sommet international sous l’égide des Nations unies.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sophie Allain) 02 Sep 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05735073v1
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[hal-05690660] The Cité Maraîchère: Lessons from a French multifunctional horticultural hub
The Cité Maraîchère project was born in 2012 as commercial urban agriculture was only beginning to develop in France. It was the project of the Romainville mayor and was supposed to both reflect the green belt past of the city and to produce fresh and healthy vegetables for the inhabitants of this poor neighbourhood. This study uses participative observation, interviews, intermediary studies, and secondary data analysis to describe the project from its first concepts in 2012 to now. Points in time like the architectural contest in 2016, the opening in 2021, a mid-point analysis in 2023 and the 2025 results are analysed. They highlight misadventures: construction incidents, architectural mistakes, budget overshoot, and the impossibility to finding a farmer. But also, strategic changes were made by the project team to reorient the project from a private productive farm to a municipal equipment that provides both food (though in small quantities) and education, as well as social links through job integration and workshops for all. Some innovative choices were also made on the pricing of products, adjusted to the revenue levels of inhabitants. The initial project was to build of a tower greenhouse on several floors, with a productive basement and including a socially responsible restaurant. With time, and to recycle part of the resources of the greenhouse, unusable because of light constraints, the Cité Maraîchère has grown and now comprises outdoor gardens in different parts of the city both for production and private use and has become the hub of the agrifood strategy of the city. The lesson to be learned from this case study is that although the building in itself should not be reproduced, the system and the innovation/adaptation loop that was born of it is a model and method participating to the city resilience that could be adapted to other cities.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Agnès Fargue-Lelièvre) 13 Jul 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05690660v1
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[hal-05725254] Sciences de gestion et agri-environnement, Vers une ingénierie organisationnelle des dynamiques collectives
Les crises agri-environnementales, de plus en plus prégnantes, soulignent la nécessité de changements de paradigme et d’innovations organisationnelles. Les enjeux qu’elles soulèvent mobilisent une diversité d’acteurs et d’objets naturels (ressources, biodiversité, santé) qui s’inscrivent dans des dynamiques collectives et des temporalités longues — voire infinies lorsqu’il s’agit de préserver des ressources naturelles ou patrimoniales. Dans une perspective de durabilité, se posent alors les questions de l’émergence et de la résilience d’un organizing : comment des processus d’organisation associant une multiplicité d’acteurs et d’objets se construisent-ils et se pérennisent-ils ? Historiquement centrées sur l’entreprise et l’administration, les sciences de gestion apportent un éclairage original sur ces dynamiques d’action collective.S’appuyant sur des études de cas variées (santé animale et végétale, politique de l’eau, gestion multi-usage des territoires…), l’ouvrage interroge aussi les situations d’enquête et la fabrique de l’interdisciplinarité. Il propose une synthèse inédite de connaissances issues de recherches en sciences de gestion et met ainsi en évidence leur apport spécifique à la compréhension et à la gestion des problèmes agri-environnementaux pour éclairer et renouveler les pratiques dans ces domaines. Destiné aux chercheurs, enseignants et étudiants, il intéressera également les professionnels engagés dans des projets de gestion de l’agri-environnement.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mourad Hannachi) 24 Aug 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05725254v1
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[hal-05719292] Closing irrigation-limited maize yield gaps in China under climate change
Climate change poses increasingly severe challenges to crop production, yet the status and future trajectory of the irrigation-limited yield gap (IYG) remain poorly understood. This study comprehensively assessed the spatial-temporal patterns and future responses of IYG using a bottom-up framework. We categorized the IYG into closed and unclosed components based on the yield at current limited irrigation levels (Y cir). Our results showed the IYG remains 32% unclosed, accounting for approximately one-tenth (about 26 million tons) of China's total maize production. Regionally, pronounced disparities in yield sensitivity to irrigation were observed, with the Northwest exhibiting the highest and the Southwest the lowest. Both historical and future simulations revealed a significant declining trend in Y cir and IYG across most northern provinces (e.g., Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Hebei, and Xinjiang). Increasing irrigation levels can offset most of these declines without diminishing marginal benefits. In the Northwest, more than 70% of the projected yield changes are identified as a mitigatable decrease, equivalent to 18% of historical yields. Conversely, the Northeast has nearly reached a climate-limited yield plateau with decreasing marginal benefits. Roughly 20% of the yield change in the North China Plain and Northeast is non-mitigatable. These findings inform region-specific irrigation strategies to sustain maize production in China.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dehai Liao) 17 Aug 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05719292v1
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[hal-05711422] Accounting for the systemic effects of anaerobic digestion on the practices of farmers
The rate of on-farm biogas production by anaerobic digestion has increased in Europe since the beginning of the twenty-first century, largely due to policies supporting low-carbon energy production. Anaerobic digestion farms are farms where farmers invest in biogas production mainly from agricultural feedstock, and remain the main investors. Biogas production brings new challenges to agriculture, and current scientific literature does not provide clear conclusions on its agri-environmental effects. Current studies focus on one or more of the agri-environmental effects of on-farm biogas development (mainly greenhouse gas balance, carbon storage, and nitrogen losses), assuming that the farming system as a whole remains unchanged. However, they rarely investigate how biogas production performance relates to indirect changes in farm practices and activities. To better understand the changes in farm practices linked to biogas production, we surveyed 23 biogas farmers operating 19 different on-farm biogas units in two areas of northeast France. We aimed to cover various configurations (e.g., farm activities, digester capacity, number of farmers involved, and energy recovery methods) to capture a diversity of farm functioning. We analyzed these qualitative data by identifying recurring examples of practice changes (or lack thereof). Our results show that biogas development led to various changes in nitrogen fertilization practices, forage and permanent grassland management, and cultivation practices. Biogas production can induce both minor and significant changes on farms, with a variety of drivers of change. These changes depend on the farm characteristics and activities that biogas farmers can develop. The novelty of our research lies in highlighting this diversity of practices and drivers, which are generally not considered in the literature on the agri-environmental assessment of biogas, even though they could significantly affect the results of such assessments. Biogas sustainability research must better consider the dynamics of farming systems and farmers’ agency in on-farm biogas development.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jeanne Cadiou) 05 Aug 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05711422v1
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[hal-05640762] Anaerobic digestion in French cereal farms without livestock: Evaluating agro-environmental performance in real-case systems across climate scenarios
Anaerobic digestion (AD) without livestock is expanding in France, mainly using energy cover crops (ECC) grown between main crops, and agro-industrial residues. Previous environmental assessments of ECC-based AD relied largely on theoretical cases or controlled experiments. This study evaluates the agro-environmental performance of different scenarios of ECC-based AD systems, based on surveyed on-farm practices. The assessment integrates (i) land cover changes associated with AD, (ii) agronomic and environmental impacts associated with ECC cultivation and digestate management, (iii) yield losses in main crops, and (iv) consequential effects of compensating those losses or diverting co-products from other uses. The PROLEG tool was used to simulate crop yields, nitrogen requirements and losses, soil organic carbon dynamics and water balance, across historical and future climates for diverse climate scenarios. Emission factors from Ecoinvent or literature were used to compute the whole GHG balance. AD increases total biomass but lowers caloric output of main crops compared to a no-AD reference, while reducing water drainage and synthetic-nitrogen use and slightly lowering pesticide use. SOC stocks rose, but ammonia and N₂O emissions increased and nitrate leaching remained stable. The overall GHG balance remained favorable only when methane leakages from the digester were low and when biomethane entirely displaces fossil natural gas. Future climates amplified N₂O emissions, reduced SOC gains, and further depressed main-crop yields, yet GHG balance of AD still outperforms fossil gas. Comparisons among ECC-integration scenarios revealed no system performing best across all agro-environmental indicators, highlighting trade-offs between renewable-energy production, environmental impacts, and food output.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Léa Boros) 02 Jun 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05640762v1
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[hal-05716288] Double cropping in North Mediterranean cereal systems: farm size prevails over irrigation as adoption driver
Double cropping (DC) is a promising strategy for cropping systems, diversification, and intensification. While it is widely adopted in tropical regions, its feasibility in temperate and Mediterranean areas depends largely on the length of the growing season. Climate change may further enhance thermal suitability of these regions for DC, although future water availability may decrease. However, large-scale assessments of DC adoption across diverse cropping systems in Mediterranean contexts remain limited. This study addresses this gap by systematically analysing DC patterns in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region using Land Parcel Identification System data from 2019 to 2023. It also evaluates three potential drivers associated to DC adoption: farm size, irrigation availability, and soil available water content (AWC) as farm size may influence DC as smaller farms seek to offset fixed costs and yield variability; irrigation can mitigate summer drought; and higher AWC may support DC, especially under rainfed conditions. Moreover, several drivers of adoption at the field and farm levels were tested through a binary logistic regression. A total of 122 winter/summer DC combinations were identified for the first time in the region, though only 12 types accounted for 91% of the DC surface. The most common system combined winter cereals (barley or wheat) with soybean. Contrary to expectations, small and medium-sized farms adopted DC less frequently than large farms, although they used it more intensively when implemented. Contrary to expectations, irrigation availability was negatively associated with DC adoption, likely owing to sufficient summer rainfall in the region. Consistently, areas with higher AWC showed lower DC adoption. Overall, DC is well integrated in northeastern Italy, where it represents a potential source for diversification, but also it appears to be an intensification strategy adopted primarily by larger, arable-oriented conventional farms. While DC adoption is largely supported for now by favourable rainfall patterns, climate change may constrain DC viability, particularly in rainfed systems.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Antonio Bruno) 13 Aug 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05716288v1
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[hal-05726694] Agência dos pesquisadores nas adaptações do laboratório de mudanças a contextos locais de intervenção: exemplos de Abordagens Híbridas
O capítulo examina como os pesquisadores envolvidos no projeto ITAPAR adaptaram a metodologia do Laboratório de Mudança (Change Laboratory – CL) aos desafios específicos encontrados em diferentes contextos de saúde e segurança no trabalho no Brasil e na França. Os autores descrevem essas adaptações como uma forma de “hibridização”: a combinação de conceitos, métodos, técnicas e ferramentas provenientes de diferentes tradições teóricas e disciplinares, com o objetivo de tornar as intervenções mais relevantes e eficazes nas situações locais. O capítulo baseia-se em 16 subprojetos realizados no Brasil e quatro na França. Em vez de considerar o Laboratório de Mudança como uma sequência fixa de procedimentos, os pesquisadores o compreenderam como um conjunto flexível de conceitos e ferramentas, que poderia ser adaptado de acordo com as contradições e necessidades que emergiam em cada campo de intervenção. Esse processo também foi entendido como uma forma de aprendizagem no interior de uma comunidade de prática em saúde ocupacional, na qual os pesquisadores mobilizaram suas experiências anteriores com o Laboratório de Mudança, a Ergonomia da Atividade, a segurança ocupacional e outras abordagens. Uma das principais formas de hibridização foi a introdução de uma etapa inicial de formação antes das sessões do Laboratório de Mudança. Os participantes eram apresentados a conceitos fundamentais da Teoria Histórico-Cultural da Atividade e, em seguida, utilizavam um vídeo curto sobre a caça ao mamute para experimentar os princípios da dupla estimulação, dos sistemas de atividade e das contradições. Isso ajudava os participantes a compreender os conceitos teóricos, familiarizar-se com o método e começar a discutir suas próprias situações de trabalho. Os autores argumentam que essa prática posteriormente se tornou uma característica regular de suas intervenções. O capítulo também descreve abordagens híbridas para a produção de dados-espelho. Embora a observação etnográfica seja tradicionalmente utilizada no Laboratório de Mudança, os pesquisadores incorporaram outros métodos quando estes se mostravam mais adequados ao tempo disponível e às características do campo. Entre eles estavam a fenomenologia, a análise coletiva do trabalho, a Ergonomia da Atividade, abordagens de segurança, entrevistas, observações, autoconfrontação baseada em vídeo e medições toxicológicas. Em algumas intervenções, esses métodos forneceram materiais mais ricos e sensíveis para estimular a reflexão coletiva sobre a atividade. Durante as fases de questionamento e análise histórica, os pesquisadores também experimentaram estímulos neutros ou simbólicos para reduzir resistências e facilitar a participação. Entre os exemplos estavam pinturas abstratas, desenhos, aquarelas, a metáfora do iceberg e o modelo da gravata-borboleta (bow-tie). Esses recursos ajudaram os participantes a distinguir as consequências visíveis das causas subjacentes e a explorar as dimensões históricas dos problemas. Os artefatos visuais foram particularmente poderosos porque traduziam ideias abstratas em representações concretas e estimulavam a discussão e a aprendizagem coletiva. A hibridização também foi importante durante a modelagem de novas formas de atividade. Por exemplo, o desenvolvimento do software ZerObito combinou princípios do Laboratório de Mudança com a Ergonomia da Atividade, conceitos de segurança, design participativo, Design Sprint e desenvolvimento de software centrado no usuário. Em um hospital universitário brasileiro, a matriz 5W3H foi utilizada para transformar as soluções desenvolvidas coletivamente em planos de ação concretos e avaliar sua viabilidade. Em Bordeaux, mapas e cartões que representavam medições de contaminação foram utilizados para apoiar a análise coletiva e o desenvolvimento de ações preventivas. De modo geral, o capítulo argumenta que a hibridização não constitui simplesmente um compromisso pragmático, mas uma forma de aprendizagem transformadora e de exercício da agência dos pesquisadores. Ao adaptar e combinar recursos metodológicos, os pesquisadores conseguiram responder às características socio-históricas e culturais específicas de cada contexto de intervenção. Essas adaptações também contribuíram para a própria aprendizagem dos pesquisadores e para a consolidação de uma comunidade de prática em saúde ocupacional. Os autores concluem que as abordagens híbridas não são apenas possíveis, mas necessárias para desenvolver intervenções preventivas mais sensíveis ao contexto, eficazes e transformadoras.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Adelaide Nascimento) 25 Aug 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05726694v1
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[halshs-05702316] ‘Écologiser’ l’agriculture
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alexis Boisseau) 23 Jul 2026
https://shs.hal.science/halshs-05702316v1
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[hal-05706643] Agroéquipements et diversification : enseignements d'expériences de terrain pour l'agronomie
Sur la base de quatre recherches récentes, cet article esquisse des enseignements généraux pour aborder les relations entre agroéquipements et diversification dans la recherche, le développement agricole et la formation. D'abord, à partir d'exemples issus d'enquêtes auprès d'agriculteur•rices, nous présentons une diversité d'équipements et leurs usages, afin de discuter des manières de les documenter pour différentes finalités. Dans un second temps, nous montrons au travers de quelques exemples que faire évoluer les agroéquipements pour diversifier implique des apprentissages, des ressources et des dynamiques sociales variées, qui varient d'une situation de travail à l'autre, et nous esquissons quelques questions et pistes à instruire pour l'accompagnement de ces changements. Enfin, nous proposons d'enrichir le regard agronomique sur la diversification d'une prise en compte de l'équipement, ce qui implique notamment de considérer d'autres dimensions des situations d'action des agriculteurs et agricultrices. L'article conclut sur l'enjeu de bâtir des ponts entre agronomie et ingénierie du machinisme, autant dans la recherche, le conseil que dans l'enseignement.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Chloé Salembier) 29 Jul 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05706643v1
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[hal-05734119] Carrots, cabbages, onions: can vegetables be grown safely and at scale in urban microfarm soils?
Purpose The term "urban agriculture" encompasses a wide range of systems, from home gardens to commercial forms and hybrid models such as microfarms. Urban microfarms are an emerging form of urban agriculture that differ markedly from other systems in terms of how they operate and the soil on which they are established. Despite their rapid development, little is known about their contribution to urban food production or the sanitary quality of their food products. Our study aimed to (i) evaluate the food production potential of urban microfarms in terms of both yields and sanitary quality (trace metal elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons -PAHs) and (ii) assess the influence of soil contamination on vegetable yield and quality. Materials and methods Over two consecutive years, we monitored food production as well as vegetable and soil quality, in terms of concentrations of trace metal elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in seven urban microfarms. Results and discussion Average yields were relatively modest (1.4 ± 1.1 kg m⁻² of fresh vegetables), with high variability across farms. Nevertheless, microfarms have the advantage of providing a wide variety of vegetables, with 28-54 species cultivated annually. Some cases of soil contamination and pollution appeared result from practices such as compost input and former use of phytosanitary products, or due to past industrial activities. However, concentrations of Pb, Cd and Hg in vegetables generally remained below European regulatory limits. We detected PAHs in both soils and vegetables, with higher concentrations in leafy and aromatic plants, suggesting a significant contribution from atmospheric deposition. Conclusions Despite some local soil pollution issues, the seven multifunctional microfarms exhibited good overall soil quality. Given their current level of development and food production, the contribution of microfarms to city-wide food security was modest quantitatively but was generally healthy. This study highlights the need for more robust assessment frameworks and context-specific thresholds to support safe and sustainable soil-based urban agriculture. Further studied disentangling contamination pathways could support better mitigation strategies for soil and vegetables contamination.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sophie Joimel) 01 Sep 2026
https://isara.hal.science/hal-05734119v1
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[hal-05719364] Researchers’ agency in adapting the change laboratory to Local Intervention contexts: Examples of hybrid Approaches
The chapter examines how researchers involved in the ITAPAR project adapted the Change Laboratory (CL) methodology to the specific challenges encountered in different occupational health and safety contexts in Brazil and France. The authors describe these adaptations as “hybridization”: the combination of concepts, methods, techniques, and tools from different theoretical and disciplinary traditions to make interventions more relevant and effective in local situations. The chapter is based on 16 subprojects in Brazil and four in France. Rather than treating the Change Laboratory as a fixed sequence of procedures, the researchers considered it a flexible set of concepts and tools that could be adapted according to the contradictions and needs emerging in each field. This process was also understood as a form of learning within a community of practice in occupational health, in which researchers drew on their previous experience in the Change Laboratory, Activity Ergonomics, occupational safety, and other approaches. One important hybridization was the introduction of an initial training phase before the Change Laboratory sessions. Participants were introduced to key concepts of Cultural-Historical Activity Theory and then used a short video about mammoth hunting to experiment with the principles of double stimulation, activity systems, and contradictions. This helped participants understand the theoretical concepts, become familiar with the method, and begin discussing their own work situations. The authors argue that this practice subsequently became a regular feature of their interventions. The chapter also describes hybrid approaches to the production of mirror data. Although ethnographic observation is traditionally used in the Change Laboratory, the researchers incorporated other methods when these were better suited to the available time and the characteristics of the field. These included phenomenology, collective work analysis, Activity Ergonomics, safety approaches, interviews, observations, video-based self-confrontation, and toxicological measurements. In some interventions, these methods provided richer and more sensitive material for stimulating collective reflection on the activity. During the questioning and historical analysis phases, researchers also experimented with neutral or symbolic stimuli to reduce resistance and facilitate participation. Examples included abstract paintings, drawings, watercolours, an iceberg metaphor, and the bow-tie model, which helped participants distinguish visible consequences from underlying causes and to explore the historical dimensions of problems. Visual artefacts were particularly powerful because they translated abstract ideas into concrete representations and stimulated discussion and collective learning. Hybridization was also important during the modelling of new forms of activity. For example, the development of the *ZerObito* software combined Change Laboratory principles with Activity Ergonomics, safety concepts, participatory design, Design Sprint, and user-centred software development. In a Brazilian university hospital, the **5W3H matrix** was used to transform collectively developed solutions into concrete action plans and to assess their feasibility. In Bordeaux, maps and cards representing contamination measurements were used to support collective analysis and the development of preventive actions. Overall, the chapter argues that hybridization is not simply a pragmatic compromise but a form of transformative learning and researcher agency. By adapting and combining methodological resources, researchers were able to respond to the specific socio-historical and cultural characteristics of each intervention setting. These adaptations also contributed to the researchers’ own learning and to the consolidation of a community of practice in occupational health. The authors conclude that hybrid approaches are not only possible but necessary for developing more context-sensitive, effective, and transformative preventive interventions.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Adelaide Nascimento) 17 Aug 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05719364v1
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[hal-05735679] New Production Model in Corporate Catering: Tensions Between Relocalisation, Industrialisation and Work on Agrifood Transitions
Current debates on territorial agrifood transitions increasingly question the assumption that relocalisation inherently fosters sustainability. While public policies commit socio-economic actors to integrating such goals and have become a policy and managerial mantra, their concrete implications for work, organizational forms within food systems remain underexplored. This communication analyses this issue through intervention-research conducted within a multinational corporate catering company. Since late 2024, the company has been deploying a New Production Model (NPM) combining upstream off-site production with downstream on-site preparation (initially dedicated solely to the business sector and Paris region). Two newly created Food Processing Facilities perform washing, peeling, preparation of base sauces, and (pre-)cooking. Semi-processed products are delivered in 1.5-kg pouches with shelf lives ranging from 7 to 21 days, while final cooking, seasoning, and plating remain on restaurant sites. Currently, 30-40% of restaurant supplies originate from these facilities, reconfiguring procurement processes, work organization, and daily activities. Based on interviews (with project designers, managers, chefs and service staff) and on-site observations, the research examines how the NPM reshapes work, skill requirements, coollaboration, autonomy, and the perceived meaning of work. Its deployment was conditioned by several criteria: acceptance by Regional Operations Directors and clients, site-specific constraints, and its capacity to reduce on-site staffing in response to labour shortages and rising wage costs. To secure the occupancy rates necessary for facility profitability, where these conditions were not met, the company redirected the NPM toward other market segments or regions raising questions about the limits of relocalisation and the balance between centralization and territorial proximity. While promoted as a lever for relocalisation, quality, and ecological transition, the NPM reveals both sustainability opportunities and new social, economic and environmental tensions. These findings contribute to broader debates on the conditions under which organizational innovations can support genuinely ecological and socially just agrifood transitions.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thomas Faget) 02 Sep 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05735679v1
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[hal-05087124] A standardized approach to population equivalents for food consumption analysis and socio-metabolic research: insights from France
Food consumption is a significant driver of environmental pressure, particularly in urban areas. As for mobility and buildings, which are other major impact sources, different types of population are responsible for the associated demand (residents, workers, tourists, etc). Despite preliminary work, standardized methods to quantify the contribution of different populations to social metabolism remain limited. This paper provides a comprehensive framework to estimate the populations present in an area and their food consumption, over a given period of time, based on broadly available census and statistical data. By using population equivalents, we provide a standardized and consistent approach to integrate the different types of population and their respective time spent in the area, as well as their share of daily food intake. A case study of France reveals that, in 85% of municipalities and 75% of inter-municipal cooperation areas, the present population is smaller than the resident population. The eating population is usually 5 to 20% smaller than the resident population, because children, teenagers, and commuters consume less food overall. In most metropolitan areas, the annual population increase due to commuters and tourists is offset by the residents' departures during holiday periods, bringing the present population quite close to the resident population. Only touristic areas attract additional populations to such an extent that the present population becomes substantially larger than the resident population over a year. Previous approaches tend to overestimate the biomass directly associated with urban food consumption. Our population-based framework can help reduce uncertainties about biomass use in cities and improve the comparison of material consumption between different areas.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Barbara Redlingshöfer) 12 May 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05087124v2
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[hal-05735676] A Gender-Informed Perspective on the Work Challenges of New Entrants to Organic Farming
Introduction: In France, the organic farming sector is relatively inclusive, attracting new entrants outside the family succession who seek meaningful work aligned with values of environmental sustainability. However, despite these motivations, the profession is widely perceived as physically demanding, financially precarious, and socially isolating. This study aims to understand the lived work experiences of these new entrants by considering both daily labor constraints and the values invested in their work, using a gender-informed perspective. Methods: This qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews with 15 new entrants (6 women, 9 men) who established non-family certified organic farms in the Ardèche territory, southeastern France. Interviews explored personal trajectories, production practices, and challenges related to working conditions, including physical strain, self-care strategies, and work-life balance. The data was analyzed inductively using MaxQDA™, focusing on differentiating between the narratives of men and women. Results: The analysis revealed gendered effects concerning several key challenges, including the available tools and equipment, physical strain, prevention strategies, balancing personal vs. professional life, and the social division of labor within couples. Women frequently noted the poor adaptation of tools and machinery to female morphology, contributing significantly to musculoskeletal disorders. Satisfaction with equipment was lower among women than men. Both genders view farming as a highly physical activity. However, strategies for coping with physical strain differed: women implemented preventative measures outside the workplace, such as practicing sport or physiotherapy, while men focused mainly on workplace adaptations, such as using efficient movements or relying on tools. Furthermore, women highlighted issues concerning work-life balance, specifically linking these challenges to motherhood or projected motherhood, often perceiving this as a turning point affecting professional plans. Men, conversely, tended to focus concerns directly linked to working conditions rather than parenthood articulation issues. Unlike some prior studies, no essentialist justifications for women’s roles were found in the narratives. Conclusion: The findings confirm that the challenges of work in organic farming are differentiated by gender, revealing dimensions like work-life negotiation that often remain invisible in conventional analyses. Addressing these structural and gender-specific barriers -including inadequate financial compensation, physical demands, and challenges related to parenthood - is essential to promote sustainable, attractive, and inclusive working conditions for all new entrants in the agricultural sector.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Emna Khemiri) 02 Sep 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05735676v1
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[hal-05735673] Integrating uses and users into the design of digital agricultural technologies: an activity-centered approach
The digitalization of agriculture is often presented as a major lever for improving productivity, traceability, and sustainability in agri-food systems (Bournigal et al., 2015). However, numerous studies point out that the introduction of digital and robotic technologies profoundly transforms work situations and may generate tensions, or even deteriorations in working conditions, when actual uses and user needs are insufficiently considered during the design phase. This paper builds on this observation and aims to analyze how integrating uses and users can constitute a central lever for the sustainable digitalization of agricultural work. The study draws on an interdisciplinary research project, AgriFutur, bringing together agronomists, modelers, roboticists, and ergonomists to design digital technologies for agriculture. The project aims to support the agroecological transition by integrating sensors, robots, and digital tools into farming practices, while taking into account working conditions, socio-economic issues, and ecosystem dynamics. In this context, we argue that activity and use analysis plays a structuring role in the approach (Barcellini & al. 2014): it seeks to analyze needs, constraints, and existing uses in order to anticipate and simulate future uses, and to support dialogue between disciplines. The method is based on the analysis of a use case involving the introduction of a robot in a greenhouse-based, soilless strawberry farm. The methodological framework combines semi-structured interviews with the farmer and employees, as well as observations of work in real situations during different phases of the technical itinerary. This use case represents a first attempt at co-design with the farmer, as well as with the designers and researchers involved in the project (Béguin, Cerf & Prost, 2012). Initial observations show that technology design does not stop at deployment but continues through use, via a process of instrumental genesis (Folcher 2003), in which users develop patterns of use that were not initially anticipated. This is illustrated by the adaptation of the robot through the creation of a platform to meet specific farm needs. This design-in-use reveals key functional expectations and criteria for appropriation (Béguin, Cerf & Prost, 2012). However, the robot was not used during the harvesting phase, which is central to strawberry production. A new need therefore emerged for a robotic solution dedicated to harvesting as well. The farmer built a mock-up himself, which currently feeds collective discussions around the design of an innovative solution. To enrich the specifications, one perspective is to carry out a Diagnostic of Usage Situations (DSU) (Cerf et al., 2025) in several soilless strawberry farms. This work aims to contribute to reflections on the transformations of agricultural work linked to digitalization, with a view to developing recommendations for sustainable work.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Emma Allix) 02 Sep 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05735673v1
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[hal-05719273] Le travail en laboratoire de biologie médicale, une complexité organisationnelle multiniveau au service de la santé des patients et de la sécurité des professionnels
Les laboratoires de biologie médicale (LBM) ont été mis en avant pendant la crise du COVID-19. Ils jouent un rôle essentiel dans l’établissement des diagnostics et dans la recherche, et pourtant ils ont été peu étudiés dans la littérature en sciences humaines et sociales. Il apparaît important de rendre visible l’organisation du travail dans ce domaine qui, à notre connaissance, n’a pas encore fait l’objet d’études ergonomiques. Il s’agit donc d’un travail de recherche exploratoire qui se situe au démarrage d’une thèse en ergonomie. Nous avons couplé observations et entretiens dans neuf laboratoires d’hôpitaux publics. Nous avons mené une analyse organisationnelle multiniveau (macro, méso et micro) en nous focalisant sur le circuit des prélèvements afin de comprendre l’organisation et le travail des professionnels de ces laboratoires, ainsi que leurs relations intra et extra-hospitalières. Il apparaît que l’organisation des LBM est dynamique et complexe, à l’image de celle des services de soins, et que le travail influence l’organisation, et inversement. Cette étude nous permet d’ouvrir des perspectives sur la sécurité des opérateurs en environnement isolé, confiné et hostile (ICE).
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (William Suarez) 17 Aug 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05719273v1
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[hal-05649481] Influence of agroclimatic factors on fruit quality and bioactive compound composition of the Moroccan “Sefri” pomegranate
The diverse agroclimatic conditions of North Africa offer a valuable framework for examining the environmental determinants of fruit crop performance, particularly in key production zones such as Morocco, where pomegranate (Punica granatum. L) cultivation is both nutritionally and economically significant. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the adaptability of the “Sefri” pomegranate cultivar across five Moroccan regions (Marrakech, Meknes, Berkane, Beni Mellal, and Taounate) by assessing its pomological, vegetative, and biochemical traits under distinct agroclimatic conditions. Significant regional variations were observed in pomological traits, with Marrakech exhibiting superior fruit weight, diameter, and juice content, while Berkane demonstrated higher aril content and anthocyanin levels but lower fruit weight and size. Vegetative traits, including leaf density and area, were highest in Marrakech and lowest in Meknes and Berkane. Biochemical characteristics varied widely, with Beni Mellal samples showing the highest polyphenol (3.62 g GAE L−1) and flavonoid content (276.26 mg RE L−1), while Berkane exhibited the highest anthocyanin concentration (99.6 mg TAC L−1). Total soluble solids and titratable acidity were greatest in Meknes and Taounate, correlating with their cooler climates. Results underscore the strong influence of agroclimatic conditions, including temperature and soil and water characteristics which vary from region to region, on the phenotypic expression of the “Sefri” pomegranate cultivar, revealing that regions such as Beni Mellal, Berkane, and Meknes are particularly favorable for producing high-quality fruits enriched in bioactive compounds, while the Marrakech region demonstrates exceptional potential for maximizing yield and overall productivity. These findings provide critical insights for optimizing Moroccan pomegranates’ production and commercial valorization, promoting sustainable agriculture aligned with market demands.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Atman Adiba) 09 Jun 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05649481v1
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[hal-05649487] Towards optimized sampling design for forest monitoring: A moving window analysis of scale-sensitive indices
Accurate assessment of forest ecosystems requires choosing appropriate sampling scales that capture spatial heterogeneity. To determine the minimum sampling scale needed to assess key forest structural indices, we applied a moving window approach across twenty 1-ha primary broad-leaved Korean pine forest plots in Heilongjiang, China, systematically increasing window sizes from 5 m × 5 m to 95 m × 95 m and sliding them at 5 m intervals within each plot. At each window, we calculated seven indices representing three ecological dimensions: spatial structure (neighborhood comparison, angular scale, mingling), productivity (biomass, basal area), and species diversity (Simpson and Shannon indices). These values were compared to plot means to identify the minimum spatial scale at which index values stabilized within deviation thresholds of 10% or 20%. Then, we used a random forest model to investigate the drivers of variability in minimum sampling scale, incorporating plot-level means of each index and their coefficients of variation across 5 m × 5 m windows as explanatory variables. Results revealed varying scale sensitivities across indices. At the 10% deviation threshold, neighborhood comparison and angular scale stabilized at ≤ 50 m, species diversity at ≤ 75 m, and mingling and productivity at ≤ 85 m, which was identified as the minimum scale capturing all structural indices. Random forest analysis showed that while influencing factors varied across indices, the coefficient of variation was consistently the most important. This study provides a framework for tailored sampling strategies, supports forest inventory enhancements, and guides large-scale monitoring and conservation in temperate mixed forests.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dawei Wang) 09 Jun 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05649487v1
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[hal-05684099] Livret de ressources BE-CREATIVE : fiches "conception", méthodes et applications
Ce livret a été pensé pour le consortium du projet BE-CREATIVE en 2023 pour partager un certain nombre de méthodes de conception mobilisables dans les territoires cas d’étude de ce projet. L’acception que nous avons retenue pour le terme de « conception » est large, avec certaines méthodes relevant de la conception à proprement parler (génération de solutions), et d’autres méthodes portant sur l’apport de connaissances pour la conception (ex. Fiche Traque aux innovations), ou pouvant être mobilisées à la fois pour le diagnostic et en aide à la conception (ex. Fiche cartes mentales). Notre objectif était d’illustrer plusieurs méthodes de conception via des fiches synthétiques permettant de saisir rapidement leur contenu et leurs usages. Notre objectif n’est pas d’orienter vers une méthode spécifique ni de limiter le choix des méthodes mais bien de mettre à disposition la description d’une variété de méthodes pour ouvrir et enrichir la réflexion sur les méthodes qui seront mobilisées localement. Ce recensement n’est pas exhaustif. Il a été orienté par les connaissances de ces méthodes par les porteuses de ce travail (L. Prost, L. Hossard), en veillant à décrire des méthodes à la fois très utilisées (ex. Scénarisation), en développement fort (ex. Jeux sérieux), et plus récentes/moins utilisées dans notre communauté INRAE (ex. Méthodes hors agronomie – Ecoidéation ; portées par des collègues travaillant au Sud, CIRAD – DATE – et Wageningen – DEED). Nous avons réalisé deux types de fiches : - Les fiches méthodes : présentent des méthodes plus ou moins connues en agronomie permettant de faire de la conception. Certaines correspondent à des familles de méthodes, i.e. il existe une variété d’approches se revendiquant de cette méthode (ex. Fiches cartes mentales, ateliers de conception). D’autres sont plus spécifiques, élémentaires, avec un déroulé plus « normé » (ex. Fiches méthodes DISCS, DATE, RIO/RID, DEED). Les fiches visent à donner les éléments clés de la méthode. Toutes sont organisées de la même manière (A noter que certaines présentent aussi une section « application »). Ces fiches présentent : (1) l’objectif de la méthode et son rôle pour la conception, en particulier le type d’objet conçu ; (2) le cadre théorique sur lequel s’appuie la méthode ; (3) les étapes de la méthode (parfois spécifiées pour plusieurs méthodes, en cas de « méta-méthode ») ; (4) le(s) type(s) de sortie produite(s) par la méthode ; (5) les principaux avantages et inconvénients de la méthode ; (6) l’intérêt de la méthode pour Be-Creative ; (7) les compétences nécessaires à la mise en œuvre de la méthode ; (8) les besoins humains (en indiquant le pas de temps) ; (9) le contact « spécialiste » de la méthode et son contact (idéalement participant de Be-Creative) ; (10) les références clés associées à la méthode et à quelques applications. - Les fiches application : illustrent certaines méthodes ou souvent combinaison de méthodes. Comme pour les fiches méthodes, l’exhaustivité n’est pas visée. Nous avons cherché à illustrer via des thèses ayant mobilisé l’échelle territoire ou bassin versant, en mettant en particulier en lumières les étapes clés des démarches et leurs sorties principales. Ces fiches sont synthétiques (environ 3 pages) et organisées de la manière suivante : (1) Objectif de l’étude (basé sur la problématique de la thèse) ; (2) les étapes de l’étude, (3) les parties prenantes mobilisées et leur rôle ; (4) le modèle de simulation, (5) les échelles/niveaux mobilisés ; (6) les principaux résultats ; (7) les références (principalement issues de la thèse).
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Laure Hossard) 07 Jul 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05684099v1
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[hal-05738644] Paris, métropole verte ?
À l’échelle planétaire, les espaces contribuant au verdissement urbain, qu’ils soient supports ou non de production alimentaire, sont autant de leviers pour la résilience des villes sur le plan climatique et environnemental. Ces enjeux sont particulièrement prégnants dans l’aire urbaine parisienne. Première aire métropolitaine de France, c’est un territoire soumis à de fortes dynamiques d’étalement périurbain qui fragilisent les continuités écologiques. Il s’agit cependant aussi d’une région de production agricole majeure, en grandes cultures, principalement tournée vers l’export, ainsi que d’un lieu d’expérimentation d’initiatives d’agriculture urbaine et de reconnexions entre ville, agriculture et nature. Cet ouvrage s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux services pour la biodiversité fournis par les infrastructures vertes (réseaux d’espaces verts et bleus), considérées comme des piliers de la transition écologique des villes, avec un accent porté sur les jardins privés et les micro-fermes urbaines. Les analyses portent à la fois sur des espaces avec ou sans production alimentaire, cette diversité de situations pouvant se retrouver à l’échelle du jardin individuel. Explorer ces enjeux dans une perspective pluridisciplinaire, en croisant regards de sociologues, géographes et écologues, implique d’analyser la diversité des postures et représentations portées par les habitants (propriétaires ou usagers de ces espaces), mais aussi la diversité des « effets de lieu » susceptibles d’orienter les opinions, attitudes et pratiques de gestion. Cet ouvrage rend compte de cette pluralité d’approches en combinant enquêtes sur les représentations, approches géographiques prenant en compte les caractéristiques sociales et spatiales des ensembles urbains, et analyses des pratiques de gestion et de leur impact potentiel sur la biodiversité.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Emmanuelle Baudry) 04 Sep 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05738644v1
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[hal-05731085] Dairy farmers' perceptions of sustainable agricultural practices in the Mediterranean region: two case studies from Türkiye and Morocco
Dairy farming is a fundamental component in rural livelihoods in the Mediterranean region. Beyond contributing to food security, it provides household income and supports social stability (Alary et al., 2019; Serin et al., 2025). In Turkey and Morocco, dairy production constitutes a significant proportion of agricultural output, with thousands of smallholder farmers depending on milk as a daily and reliable source of income (Gönenç & Tanrivermiş, 2008; Sraïri et al., 2013). However, the sector is under increasing pressure due to climate change, chronic water scarcity and unstable feed prices, all of which threaten its sustainability (Astuti et al., 2024). The feasibility of sustainable agricultural practices (SAP) alone is insufficient to ensure adoption (Rizzo et al., 2024). Farmers’ perceptions of costs, benefits, risks, and compatibility determine adoption. Practices perceived as expensive, complex, or risky are rarely adopted, while those seen as profitable, familiar, or used by peers are more readily embraced. Perceptions therefore act as a filter through which information is translated into behavioral change. Two-stage Likert scale questionnaires were designed to assess dairy farmers’ perceptions of adopting SAP in Turkey and Morocco, as part of SUPREM-MILK project. The first stage involved a pre-presentation questionnaire assessing farmers’ baseline knowledge and perceptions before being exposed to any information. Then, farmers attended a structured presentation introducing key SAP, like crop rotation, cover crops and manure management. The second stage consisted of a post-presentation questionnaire that assessed perceptions across eight additional barriers, including risk aversion, learning capacity, accessibility, trust in information, social norms, environmental and social responsibility, knowledge on soil, and opinions toward sustainable practices. The questionnaire was conducted with 43 farmers from Turkey and 10 from Morocco. This approach allowed us to collect both baseline and expanded perceptions, providing new insights into how farmers understand sustainability challenges. The preliminary results from Turkey indicated that farmers already had basic knowledge of SAP, such as crop rotation and soil preparation even before receiving any information. The post-questionnaire highlighted adoption barriers such as lack of trust and limited access to reliable information. This study demonstrates how structured exposure to information can shift farmers’ perceptions, broaden their understanding of sustainable agriculture, and highlight real-world challenges. It identifies specific barriers to the adoption of these practices and supports policymakers in developing targeted strategies and supportive measures to improve their effective implementation. This research enhances the current understanding of how information interventions can influence and broaden perceptions. The predominant approach in research neglects the potential for perceptions to evolve or for new obstacles to emerge consequent to farmers’ engagement with structured data.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sarah Saad) 29 Aug 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05731085v1
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[hal-05731072] Territorial Diagnosis for Farming Systems Typology and Bioeconomy Characterization in the Grand Beauvaisis, Northern France
The agroecological transition and the development of the bioeconomy require a clear understanding of territorial dynamics and agricultural systems. In the Grand Beauvaisis, a mainly agricultural region in northern France, pressures on natural resources, particularly water quality, combined with climate risks make this need even more pressing. The key challenge is to deepen knowledge of the diversity and spatial organization of farming systems to support the design of more resilient and sustainable pathways. Understanding these systems at both structural and functional levels is crucial to anticipate their response to environmental and socio-economic changes. This study aims to characterize farming systems and the bioeconomy in the Grand Beauvaisis by mobilizing territorial diagnostic tools. The main objective is to elaborate a typology that captures landscape spatial diversity and links farm types to biomass stocks and flows, providing insights for sustainable bioeconomy and territorial management. The farming systems typology is built from an integrative dataset that combines geospatial analytical methods2 based on the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) as the core, regional statistics, local surveys, and semi-structured interviews mainly with farmers and cooperatives5. Multivariate clustering defines homogeneous farming-system classes to understand the diversity of agricultural systems in the Grand Beauvaisis. Typology results feed a Material Flow Analysis (MFA) at field and territorial scales: we estimate biomass production, residues, manure, by-products, and potential harvestable biomass using crop yield statistics and remote-sensing-derived productivity indices. It is strengthened through biophysical modeling, which evaluates crop productivity and vulnerability to climatic hazards, and bioeconomic modeling, which examines interactions between farming practices, environmental sustainability, and economic performance. This integrated approach enables a comprehensive assessment of environmental and economic challenges, pressures on natural resources, and supporting sustainable territorial planning. The resulting typology distinguishes farming systems based on production, economic, and environmental characteristics6. It highlights both the territory's opportunities, such as soil diversity, farming networks, local innovation potential, and bioresource availability for the bioeconomy, and its vulnerabilities, including water quality issues, land use, and socio-economic constraints. The typology provides local stakeholders with a practical tool that facilitates the assessment of environmental risks, the prioritization of interventions, the estimation of biomass production potential, and evidence-based land-use planning. Methodologically, this study highlights the value of integrating statistical, spatial, biophysical, and bioeconomic approaches to capture the complexity of agricultural systems. It contributes to research on agroecological and food system transitions by linking farm practices and bioeconomy development, offering a replicable framework for territorial analyses.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Amal Ismaili Alaoui) 29 Aug 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05731072v1
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[hal-05673803] Les agricultures en ville un levier pour accompagner les enjeux de santé dans les transitions métropolitaines.
Alors que les répercussions du changement climatique s'observent dans l’ensemble du monde, et à toutes les échelles, elles posent des défis spécifiques, et majeurs, en milieu urbain (pollution de l’air, îlots de chaleurs urbains, préservation de la biodiversité en milieu anthropisé, approvisionnement alimentaire…). De plus, ces enjeux s’articulent avec ceux des transitions sociales et sanitaires aujourd’hui à l'œuvre dans les contextes urbains, y compris dans les espaces des Nords. Les défis posés par l'approche One Health illustre par exemple la complexité d’une prise en compte systémique des déterminants de la santé urbaine. De nombreux travaux montrent combien les effets du développement urbain (exposition au trafic, bruit, pollution de l’air, isolement social et inactivité physique…) influencent en effet la santé et le bien-être des habitant.e.s en zone urbanisée. Roué-Le-Gall et al. (2022) soulignent que plusieurs composantes du développement urbain (telles que les formes urbaines, le logement, les espaces verts et bleus, les transports et les services) influencent, positivement ou négativement, les états de santé comme les processus inégalitaires en matière de santé. Ces travaux montrent aussi combien l’agriculture urbaine peut - sous certaines conditions d'aménagement et dans certains contextes urbains, sociaux et politiques - participer à construire une ville plus favorable à la santé humaine (et non humaine) et durablement plus soutenable. Cette contribution vise, dans ce contexte, à fournir des éclairages sur les rôles des agricultures urbaines dans la promotion d’un urbanisme favorable à la santé (UFS), et d’en analyser les conditions (politiques, sociales ou urbaines). Soulignons que nous mobilisons, à la suite des travaux d’Anne Roué-Le-Gall, le terme d’UFS pour qualifier une planification minimisant l’exposition des populations aux facteurs de risque (polluants, isolement social, etc.) tout en maximisant l’exposition aux facteurs de protection (pratique d’activités physiques, accès aux espaces verts, sécurité alimentaire, etc.). Si certaines études abordent les enjeux sanitaires de l’agriculture urbaine, très peu posent la question de son intégration dans des démarches d’UFS, et encore moins le font de manière concrète et opérationnelle . Cette communication vise ainsi à se demander quels sont les (nouveaux ?) dispositifs et instruments déployés pour favoriser la participation de l’agriculture aux transitions métropolitaines, notamment favorables à la santé. Peut-on identifier des formes d’expertise et/ou de méthodes originales permettant une mise en œuvre opérationnelle d’un UFS prenant pleinement en compte les agricultures urbaines ? Quels acteurs se saisissent ou contribuent à ces enjeux, tant au sein du champ scientifique que de celui des agences spécialisées ou du terrain ? Enfin, en quel mesure ces instruments, méthodes ou acteurs sont-ils comparables de l’échelle internationale à l’échelle nationale (ici française) ? Pour ce faire, cette communication propose une analyse croisée de 3 corpus. Premièrement, une scoping review sur les liens entre agriculture urbaine, santé et planification urbaine dans la littérature anglophone. Deuxièmement, il s’agira de rendre compte d’une analyse des préconisations établies par des rapports internationaux issus d’institutions spécialisées en lien avec l’agriculture, la santé et l’aménagement : FAO, OMS et ONU Habitat. Enfin, nous développerons un focus sur la situation française par l’analyse de rapports institutionnels (ARS, CEREMA, DRIAAF, EHESP, Ministère de l’Agriculture et Ministère de la Santé) et de travaux issus de la littérature scientifique francophone (recherche par mots clés – identiques que pour le scoping internationale - sur la plateforme CAIRN). L’analyse de la littérature internationale révèle que les liens les plus étudiés entre l’agriculture urbaine et les déterminants de la santé concernent la production alimentaire et les dimensions sociales de ces liens (telles que la cohésion sociale, l’apprentissage et les sentiments positifs comme la détente et le bien-être). Cela s’explique notamment par la prédominance d’études sur les jardins collectifs. Toutefois, l’ensemble des bénéfices et des risques identifiés par la littérature varie selon les acteurs (et leur perception) et les types d’agriculture urbaine. Cette étude nous a aussi permis de construire une typologie des recommandations présentées par cette littérature pour le développement d’une agriculture urbaine favorable à la santé (typologie en 4 catégories : méthodologiques, techniques, politiques et éthiques). Les recommandations les plus nombreuses sont d’ordre méthodologiques et techniques, au détriment des recommandations politiques et éthiques. Cela pourrait s’expliquer par le fait que nombreux articles sont basés sur une analyse du point de vue des acteurs de la planification et aménagement au détriment des acteurs de la santé ou de l’agriculture urbaine. Le recoupement de ces résultats avec l’analyse de rapports internationaux dont ceux de la FAO et l’OMS permet de compléter la réflexion sur l’ampleur et la nature des préconisations. Les institutions spécialisées dans l’agriculture et la santé apparaissent comme des acteurs clés de l’opérationnalisation des liens entre UFS et agriculture urbaine, y compris pour ce qui est des préconisations politiques ou éthiques. Enfin, en ce qui concerne la France, les analyses sont en cours, mais pouvons d’ores et déjà poser l’hypothèse que l’étude des rapports et de la littérature scientifique fera émerger certaines dimensions (transitions alimentaires, engagement habitant…) et des préoccupations (ex, la pollution de sols, la gentrification vert) de façon plus prégnantes que d’autres, et ce au regard du contexte sociales, politique et scientifique spécifique de la France (ancienneté de certaines questions, position de certains institutions, effet de programmes de recherche et financement dans le champs…). Ces trois corpus se complètent : si la littérature scientifique reste encore très « générique » sur les actions et préconisations, les rapports et documents nous permettent de monter en généralité et d’établir une grille de préconisations pouvant être mobilisées pour accompagner les enjeux de santé dans les territoires urbains. Ces conclusions incitent finalement à interroger le rôle de la recherche vis-à-vis de l’action, et plus largement des politiques publiques. En quelle l’urgence de certains enjeux des transitions climatiques et écologiques métropolitaines se traduit-elle par une plus importante porosité entre science et action ? Quelle rôle pour chacun.e, quelles injonctions … et finalement pour quels résultats (tant pour l’avancer de la production de la connaissance que pour l’action publique en matière de soutenabilité des territoires urbains) ?
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Giulia Giacche) 29 Jun 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05673803v1
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[hal-05670134] Quelles solutions pour des usages durables de la ressource en eau ?
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (N. Touili) 25 Jun 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05670134v1
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[hal-05732666] Correction: Exploring the logics of farmers’ equipment management for species mixtures: case studies from France
Species mixtures are one of the levers for sustainable agriculture, as they can allow the reduction of environmental impacts while maintaining yields. Farmers face challenges in implementing them, however — notably technical difficulties and constraints related to cultivation and post-harvest sorting equipment. This study explores farmers’ agricultural equipment fleet management logics in the context of arable species mixture cultivation, a blind spot in the scientific literature. Our research methodology draws on the innovation tracking approach. Data were collected through interviews with 13 farmers cultivating species mixtures across France. We examined: (i) the characteristics and management of mixtures, as farmers consider them when selecting and using equipment, (ii) the technical features of the equipment used — including modifications and farmer-driven design, and (iii) farmers’ overall logic for managing their equipment fleets. The results reveal six categories of species mixtures, distinguished by their spatial arrangement and sowing depth, both closely linked to equipment use. Farmers use a wide diversity of equipment, often modified or repurposed to suit specific mixtures, such as seed drills adapted to sow different species at distinct depths. Three main management logics were identified among the interviewees: (i) minimizing costs through existing equipment reuse, (ii) adapting equipment to the biological characteristics of species mixtures, and (iii) making equipment choices based on local resources. Here we demonstrate how the management of agricultural equipment is a central lever for species mixture cultivation. This study offers new insights into equipment for agroecological farming practices, providing reflexive guidance for researchers, advisers, and equipment manufacturers involved in the transition toward more sustainable agriculture.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Esther Fouillet) 31 Aug 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05732666v1
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[hal-05678303] Co-animation du webinaire « Retour sur le séminaire “sensible“ » en collaboration avec l’Association Française des professionnels de la Cueillette de plantes sauvages (AFC)
Suite à deux séminaires avec le collectif de chercheurs de PlantCoopLab, l’AFC vous partage les résultats de ce travail. En effet, le rapport sensible au végétal des professionnels de la cueillette influe sur leurs pratiques de prélèvements en plantes, et au-delà sur leur rapport au monde et au vivant. Voici un temps d'échanges autour de ce rapport sensible et de ses implications.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sylvie Pouteau) 02 Jul 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05678303v1
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[hal-05661560] Quelle gestion des temporalités de nos déchets ultimes ?
Pendant toute la période des bioéconomies circulaires spontanées (préhistoire), la gestion des déchets, surtout organiques et locaux, pouvait consister en un simple et local ordonnancement des matières (dans les grottes par exemple), mais le développement des villes avait déjà engendré dès l’Antiquité des dépôts spécifiques (collines romaines par exemple). Avec le développement d’abord artisanal de la métallurgie, des dépôts polluants apparaissent autour des mines et forges, mais l’industrialisation et la métropolisation issues de la modernité ont induit une rupture métabolique avec la généralisation d’incinérateurs et décharges plus ou moins contrôlés en périphérie des villes, en particulier aux Etats-Unis (où sont nés les termes NIMBY et LULU et ont été explicitées les problématiques de justice environnementale) puis en Europe, obligeant en fin de XXème siècle à une évolution des réglementations techniques et des coûts, du moins pour les pays qui en avaient les moyens. Malgré le développement du recyclage puis de la prévention au début du XXIème siècle (politiques publiques d’économie circulaire), il reste des déchets dits ultimes car « non valorisables dans les conditions techniques et économiques du moment », qu’ils soient « non dangereux inertes », « non dangereux non inertes » ou « dangereux » (dont les déchets nucléaires), et qu’ils soient issus de la consommation finale des ménages ou de l’activité économique. Ces puits matériels du métabolisme territorial peuvent être soit incinérés (dégradation entropique irréversible, considérée comme valorisation que s’il y a récupération efficace de chaleur) soit stockés, mobilisant voire stérilisant alors sur des temps plus ou moins longs, voire de façon irréversible une part de la ressource naturelle qu’est le foncier. La gestion des temporalités est donc au cœur des politiques publiques des déchets ultimes, et leur analyse métabolique comme économique met en jeu toutes les notions temporelles que l’économie a développé par la pratique dès la Renaissance italienne (taux d’intérêt), puis par des mises équivalence plus ou moins formalisées au cours des deux derniers siècles (actualisation en foresterie puis en finance et économie publique) et d’autres considérations davantage fondées sur la thermodynamique ou l’équité intergénérationnelle (irréversibilité et valeur d’option, dynamique des systèmes, éthique). Nous proposons de faire un tour d’horizon de ces notions à l’aune de leur application aux différentes temporalités que présentent, suivant leur nature, les déchets ultimes, de l’immédiateté de la combustion aux millénaires inter-civilisationnels des déchets radioactifs à vie longue.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jacques Mery) 18 Jun 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05661560v1
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[hal-05664482] Integrative morpho-biochemical profiling differentiates Moroccan populations of endemic Euphorbia resinifera
Purpose Euphorbia resinifera is an endemic Moroccan species of high biological, medicinal and ecological value. We tested whether integrative morpho-biochemical profiling can differentiate Moroccan populations and support conservation planning and sustainable use. Methods Twelve Moroccan populations were assessed using biochemical traits (total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, ABTS/DPPH antioxidant activity, sugars, proline) and seventeen qualitative and quantitative morphological traits covering bush architecture, stem/spine traits, flowers, and fruits. Datasets were analysed separately and then combined to evaluate population differentiation. Results Populations varied widely, and biochemical markers strengthened separation when added to morphology. Bush diameter ranged from 83.0 to 196.6 cm and stem height from 46.4 to 67.0 cm. Middle Atlas populations had the highest phenolic content (0.97 mg GAE g−1), whereas High Atlas populations had higher flavonoids and anthocyanins with stronger antioxidant activity. Imi n’Ifri (High Atlas) had the highest sugars (26.25 mg g−1) and proline (21.9 mg g−1), which may reflect higher stress tolerance. Conclusion biochemical profiling differentiates Moroccan populations of E. resinifera and clarifies intraspecific diversity. These trait signatures help prioritise populations for conservation and guide Integrative morpho- sustainable valorisation.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hassane Abd-Dada) 22 Jun 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05664482v1
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[hal-05674596] Transformations of a work system towards sustainability: a case study of a French-farmer entrepreneur activity
This communication presents an exploratory case study contributing to research on the human activities driving the transition of work systems towards greater sustainability. Grounded in Activity-Centered Ergonomics, the study describes the step-by-step design process through which a French farmer entrepreneur transformed his work system over a 25-year period, and identifies the trade-offs arising among the social, economic and environmental dimensions of sustainability. Three sessions of threehour semi-structured interviews, complemented by direct observations, were cross-analyzed to jointly reconstruct with the entrepreneur, a chronicle structured around six design variables. Four sequential steps emerged: laying the foundations of the commercial enterprise (2000-2010); land restructuring to optimize the production system (2010-2017); consolidating the production and processing diversification strategy (2017-2022); and optimizing the complex system under development (2022-2025). Across these steps, sustainability is progressively addressed through the construction of a new territorial anchorage, although occupational health and safety remain peripheral concerns. The chronicle is discussed as an intermediary object enabling ergonomists to support the integration of working-conditions issues into farmers' design activity.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Vincent Boccara) 30 Jun 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05674596v1
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[hal-05673802] L'agriculture urbaine, un outil partagé entre aménagement urbain et santé publique ? Résultats d'une revue systématique
Par sa multifonctionnalité et sa diversité, l'agriculture urbaine est susceptible d'agir sur de nombreux déterminants de santé (santé mentale, activité physique, alimentation...) et répond à des enjeux contemporains majeurs (changement climatique, (in)justices environnementales, inégalités de santé...). Cette contribution vise à rendre compte d'une analyse de la littérature explorant les liens entre aménagement, santé et agriculture urbaine. Il s'agit aussi d'identifier les recommandations formulées. L'objectif étant ainsi d'analyser en quelle mesure la littérature permet un transfert des connaissances, une opérationnalité des principes de l'urbanisme favorable à la santé. Notre revue systématique de la littérature est basée sur le protocole PICO. Nous avons sélectionné des articles scientifiques publiés en anglais jusqu'en décembre 2024 et référencés par PubMed et ScienceDirect (n=1026). Après un processus de sélection, nous avons porté notre attention sur les travaux intégrant pleinement les liens entre aménagement, politiques publiques et agriculture urbaine dans le but de favoriser la santé des populations (n=30). Nos résultats illustrent tout d'abord une polarisation spatio-temporelle des études. 9 articles ont été publiés entre 2015 et 2018, tandis que 21 l'ont été entre 2020 et 2024. S'observe aussi une concentration des travaux dans les pays du Nord, notamment en Europe (48 %) et aux États-Unis (19 %). Les déterminants de la santé les plus fréquemment cités sont liés à la production alimentaire et à la cohésion sociale et au bien-être. Une analyse transversale des déterminants de santé et des types d'agriculture urbaine étudiés montre que la nature de ces impacts (bénéfices versus risques) varie selon les perceptions, les types d'acteurs et les formes d'agriculture urbaine étudiée. Enfin, sont majoritairement pris en compte les points de vue des jardinier.ères d'une part, et des acteur.trices de l'aménagement d'autre part, mais que ceux et celles du champ sanitaire sont quasiment absent.es des travaux. Enfin, très peu reposent sur une analyse croisée de ces différents acteurs. Nous proposons une typologie originale des types de recommandations issues de cette littérature en matière de promotion d'une agriculture urbaine favorable à la santé (53 recommandations dans 20 articles). Quatre profils se dégagent : les recommandations méthodologiques, techniques, politiques et éthiques. La prédominance des recommandations méthodologiques (n=26) et techniques (n=8) souligne la possibilité de cette littérature à proposer des outils précis et opérationnels. Les recommandations politiques (n=15) illustrent l'importance des enjeux de gouvernance et de répartition des prérogatives en matière d'aménagement et de santé. Or, soulignons la moindre présence de recommandations éthiques (n=4), et donc de réflexions mettant en lumière les potentielles injustices liées au développement de l'agriculture urbaine et les inégalités de santé sous-jacentes. Ce travail montre finalement que l'enjeux résiderait dans la mise à l'agenda d'une agriculture urbaine levier d'une santé dans toutes les politiques, et ce, en dépassant les initiatives individuelles, la dépendance au volontarisme de certains acteurs et territoires, en misant sur une valorisation des méthodes et outils d'une approche intersectorielle, mais que les enjeux d'(in)justice sociale et territoriales ne sont pas (suffisamment ?) au cœur des débats.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Emmanuelle Faure) 29 Jun 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05673802v1
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[hal-05678271] Cueillir le sensible, un projet fédérateur ? Restitution d'un webinaire AFC / PlantCoopLab
PlantCoopLab est un projet de recherche interdisciplinaire en sciences humaines et sociales (2021 2026). Il interroge les relations qualitatives du travail avec les plantes dans le contexte des productions agricoles et s’appuie sur un séminaire de recherche transdisciplinaire, conduit sous forme d’ateliers débats avec des praticiens des plantes. La cueillette qui se situe en bordure ou en proximité des territoires agricoles permet d’enrichir cette enquête. En 2023, l’AFC s’est adressée aux partenaires PlantCoopLab avec cette question : le sensible est-il une composante essentielle du métier de cueilleur ? Comment mettre en lumière cette dimension ignorée dans les cahiers techniques et le guide de bonnes pratiques de la profession ? Après deux ans de collaboration, concrétisée par deux éditions des ateliers débats PlantCoopLab et la parution d’une note de synthèse, l’AFC nous a proposé de restituer ce travail dans un webinaire pour ses adhérents. Nous pointons ici les différentes facettes du sensible relevées pendant les ateliers pour ensuite questionner la façon dont elles pourraient être mises en visibilité.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sylvie Pouteau) 02 Jul 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05678271v1
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[hal-05661638] Exploring the logics of farmers’ equipment management for species mixtures: case studies from France
Species mixtures are one of the levers for sustainable agriculture, as they can allow the reduction of environmental impacts while maintaining yields. Farmers face challenges in implementing them, however — notably technical difficulties and constraints related to cultivation and post-harvest sorting equipment. This study explores farmers’ agricultural equipment fleet management logics in the context of arable species mixture cultivation, a blind spot in the scientific literature. Our research methodology draws on the innovation tracking approach. Data were collected through interviews with 13 farmers cultivating species mixtures across France. We examined: (i) the characteristics and management of mixtures, as farmers consider them when selecting and using equipment, (ii) the technical features of the equipment used — including modifications and farmer- driven design, and (iii) farmers’ overall logic for managing their equipment fleets. The results reveal six categories of species mixtures, distinguished by their spatial arrangement and sowing depth, both closely linked to equipment use. Farmers use a wide diversity of equipment, often modified or repurposed to suit specific mixtures, such as seed drills adapted to sow different species at distinct depths. Three main management logics were identified among the interviewees: (i) minimizing costs through existing equipment reuse, (ii) adapting equipment to the biological characteristics of species mixtures, and (iii) making equipment choices based on local resources. Here we demonstrate how the management of agricultural equipment is a central lever for species mixture cultivation. This study offers new insights into equipment for agroecological farming practices, providing reflexive guidance for researchers, advisers, and equipment manufacturers involved in the transition toward more sustainable agriculture.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Esther Fouillet) 18 Jun 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05661638v1
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[hal-05651312] Co-design of crop-livestock integration scenarios for pesticide reduction at territory level
Interactions between crops and livestock are one way to reduce pesticide use at the territorial level. This study focused on the co-design of scenarios integrating these interactions in the Western Plain of Montpellier. Through a participatory approach using the Co-Click'Eau tool, three scenarios were developed to explore different pesticide reduction strategies: agricultural diversification for local food supply, biodiversity conservation and maximising crop-livestock interactions. The approach mobilised a wide range of stakeholders around the issue of pesticide reduction. The results show how livestock can contribute to reducing pesticide use while addressing other issues raised by local stakeholders. This approach has highlighted possible convergences between strategies and the need for greater coordination between stakeholders.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Myrto Parmantier) 10 Jun 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05651312v1
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[hal-05649699] Sensory and multi-actor Co-ideation: unleashing creativity to meet seniors’ needs
Participatory research and utilizing creative collective methods have emerged as a promising approach to innovative product development. This study investigates how multi-actor co-ideation approaches can enhance creativity during design processes, with a particular focus on generating food concepts tailored to older adults. The lower age limit of 55 was chosen to capture early physiological and lifestyle changes preceding the con- ventional threshold for older adulthood. We conducted 5 workshops using the KCP®(Knowledge-Concept-Proposal) process, starting with an initial concept of "Healthy and sustainable appetizer for 55-75". We constructed a Concept-Knowledge (C-K) control tree and explored idea pathways related to format, sensory aspects, sustainability, and consumption context. To circumvent creativity fixations, a sensorial toolkit was introduced to enrich interaction among participants and stimulate their creativity. We also evaluated the participant composition of the workshops involving only con- sumers or consumers and other actors (chefs, researchers, agronomist students, nutritionists). Measurements of the generated ideas were conducted using quantitative and qualitative analysis, as well as creating C-K trees for each workshop and comparing them to the C-K control tree. Developed concepts were analyzed using a multicriteria decision-making grid. Workshops generated 631 ideas and 31 concepts. The multi-actor groups highlighted various constraints related to seniors whereas the mono-actor workshops highlighted more specifically nutritional constraints. The use of a sensorial toolkit facilitated the generation of sensory-focused concepts. Our findings highlight the importance of participatory approaches with co-ideation workshops including diverse actors and the use of sensorial stimuli to foster creativity to align with the spe- cific needs of seniors.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Audrey Cosson) 09 Jun 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05649699v1
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[hal-05654212] Supporting the design of diversified farming systems to steer general resilience. A review
Diversification within farming systems is a central lever to increase farm sustainability and general resilience. While the potential benefits of diversified farming systems are rather well known, the design process of such systems, especially with the objective of increasing their general resilience (i.e., buffering, adaptive, and transformative capacities), has received little attention. In this article, we review the key challenges faced when looking for general resilience in the design of diversified farming systems. These challenges both relate to the structure of the system to be designed (e.g., the nature and spatiotemporal arrangement of the system's components) and to the design process (articulating de novo and step-by-step design). Addressing these challenges requires moving beyond traditional reductionist approaches (that sought to make farming systems as deterministic as possible through standardization) to relational, adaptive methods that acknowledge the uncertainties inherent in translating abstract system representations into real-world transformations. Based on a literature review and examples from three French open on-station system experiments, we show how designing a farming system for its buffering, adaptive, and transformative capacities benefits from a combination of de-novo and step-by-step approaches, while acknowledging for the need for constant evolution of the system in response to changing objectives and environmental conditions. Key solutions include shifting to holistic perspectives and leveraging empirical knowledge by valuing visualization and prototyping, as well as integrating previously "invisible" factors, notably working conditions and work distribution across the year.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rodolphe Sabatier) 11 Jun 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05654212v1
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[hal-05658092] Reconstitution de séquences de cultures par programmation linéaire sous contraintes à partir de données de la PAC
La compréhension fine des pratiques culturales nécessite l’étude des successions de cultures conduites sur une même parcelle agricole. Depuis 2007, les exploitants agricoles déclarent leurs assolements dans le cadre de la PAC (Politique Agricole Commune). Sur la période 2007-2014 les cultures étaient déclarées à l’échelle de l’Îlot avec potentiellement plusieurs cultures dans un même îlot. Depuis 2015, la déclaration est réalisée à la parcelle (avec une parcelle par culture). Dans ce travail, nous cherchons à reconstituer les cultures pour la période 2007-2014 au niveau de la parcelle à partir de l’information disponible au niveau des îlots et en se basant sur le tracé des parcelles après 2015. Pour cela, des unités géographiques élémentaires, les Plus Petites Parcelles (PPP) sont définies. Les surfaces de ces PPP sont confrontées aux surfaces des cultures déclarées dans chaque îlot pour leur affecter chaque année une culture en minimisant un critère quadratique sous contraintes à l’aide d’un algorithme de programmation linéaire. La démarche est validée sur la période 2015-2018 qui sert d’ensemble de test, les PPP étant déterminées sur la période 2019-2021. Le taux de bonne affectation est de 95%, les îlots posant le plus de problèmes étant les îlots ayant changé de forme pendant la période de constitution des PPP ce qui introduit des morcellements difficiles à appréhender.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Séverine Bord) 15 Jun 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05658092v1
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[hal-05651271] The Feder'Acteurs project: choosing methodologies along the way to diagnose, design and evaluate crop-livestock interactions at the regional level: the example of Chaource PDO
The PDO (Protected Designation Origin) Chaource Union faces a variety of challenges, which lead it to reinforce crop-livestock interactions at the territory level. The PDO union and AgroParisTech have worked together to understand and strengthen existing interactions. Diagnosis, design and evaluation work was carried out collectively to identify the types of crop-livestock interactions and build collective projects on a territorial scale. Here we show how the methodologies were chosen and implemented, what the results were and the problems that arose from them, linked to the difficulty of articulating a diversity of actors and objectives on a territory-wide scale.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Solène Pissonnier) 10 Jun 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05651271v1
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[hal-05678151] PlantCoopLab : travailler avec les plantes, enjeux éthiques et politiques
Les conditions du travail avec les plantes devraient-elles être au cœur de tout projet politique ? Cette question est à l’origine du projet PlantCoopLab, « Les plantes dans le champ du travail. Coopérations pour une alimentation durable », situé dans le champ des recherches agronomiques impliquées. Son constat de départ est que la cause végétale rompt avec la logique de la cause animale et pose une question avant tout pratique et non de principe. Elle doit être compatible avec l’objectif de nourrir l’humanité et se réaliser dans les activités de ceux qui, dans leurs métiers, sont concrètement exposés aux ambivalences de leurs relations avec les plantes. Ce changement de focale entraîne des déplacements épistémologiques et méthodologiques qui sont abordés sur le mode de la recherche action par une approche à la fois interdisciplinaire en sciences humaines et sociales et transdisciplinaire en interaction avec des travailleurs des plantes – cultivateurs et cueilleurs. Faire de la cause végétale une ambassadrice de ces métiers, et donc aussi de la cause paysanne, engage une éthique du travail vivant. Celle-ci recouvre un parcours de reconnaissance à la fois professionnelle et du don de la vie par les végétaux. Elle permet de repenser le destin des communautés plantes-humaines, qui doivent se mesurer continument aux déterminants fondamentaux qui les sous-tendent.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sylvie Pouteau) 02 Jul 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05678151v1
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[hal-05637681] From Bites to Ripple Effects: Unraveling the Health, Economic, and Social Effects of Arboviral Epidemics in Mainland France
Objectives: Arboviral diseases are posing an increasing burden in temperate regions. This article documents the potential effects of outbreaks and epidemics caused by an arbovirus transmitted by Aedes albopictus, across multiple domains, in mainland France, which has been minimally affected by such outbreaks so far. Methods: We draw on the knowledge accumulated in mainland French regions that have dealt with limited autochthonous outbreaks, and in the overseas departments and regions of France which are regularly affected by epidemics. We present an original method that combines a systematic review of the literature, the analysis of qualitative data from questionnaires completed by stakeholders, and our expert input. Results: We identify several key vulnerabilities such as healthcare strain, economic losses, and social disruption. Our analyses highlight specific risks and preparedness gaps for temperate areas. Conclusion: We underscore the critical importance of allocating sufficient resources to vector management and of developing intersectoral policies to mitigate the effects of future epidemics across several domains.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Bénédicte Apouey) 01 Jun 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05637681v1
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[hal-05681172] De l’agriculture périurbaine aux fermes urbaines : une géohistoire récente de l’agriculture des villes
Cette communication retrace l’évolution récente du rapport des collectivités urbaines à la question agricole. Depuis la fin du XX siècle, trois phases peuvent être distinguées. La première correspond à l’intégration de l’agriculture périurbaine dans les SCOT. La deuxième marque le renouveau d’un intérêt pour une agriculture nourricière, porteuse de lien social, notamment à travers les jardins collectifs, avec parfois aussi une logique de valorisation des espaces intraurbains, comme dans le cas des microfermes urbaines. Enfin, la troisième phase se caractérise par la montée en puissance des enjeux alimentaires, du ravitaillement des cantines et de l’émergence de projets de fermes en régie
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Giulia Giacche) 06 Jul 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05681172v1
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[hal-05568308] Challenges of work in agriculture: a gender-informed analysis through the narratives of new entrants into organic farming
This article examines work in agriculture by a gender-informed perspective through the narratives of new entrants in organic farming outside the family farming succession. It aims to understand lived work experiences by considering both the daily constraints of the labour and the meanings and values invested in the work. The analysis focuses on the early years of organic farming operations. The research was carried out in Ardèche territory, a département in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, in southeastern France. We conducted a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with 15 new entrants who have established non-family farms and obtained organic certification. After transcription, the interviews were reviewed by using a triple-blind process. Edited transcripts were then uploaded to MaxQDA™ for inductive coding based on emerging themes and contextual analysis. Through the narratives of farmers regarding the constraints of work, we identified gendered effects in the responses concerning the available tools and equipment for agricultural work, the physical strain, strategies for prevention and self-care, balancing personal vs. professional life, and the social division of labor within couples. Unlike other studies, our analysis revealed no essentialist justifications for women's roles on farming. Moreover, our results show that the challenges of work are different for men and women. Men expressed concerns directly linked to working conditions, while women added work-life balance issues, notably linked to motherhood. A gendered perspective helped us to identify emerging work-related challenges faced by new entrants in organic farming, aiming to promote attractiveness and sustainable and inclusive working conditions for all.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Adelaide Nascimento) 09 Apr 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05568308v2
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[hal-05613154] On-farm systemic innovations to overcome dead-end situations and support glyphosate-free agriculture in France
The ban on glyphosate use in France has long been a controversial issue between agricultural stakeholders and public health authorities. Some politicians and scholars have characterized sloping vineyards and low-till crops as dead-end situations: i.e., highly dependent on glyphosate due to the lack of viable alternatives, both from technical and socioeconomic perspectives (mechanization costs, labor constraints). Most agronomic research has focused on developing technical alternatives to glyphosate. We propose shifting from the dominant R&D-centered approach to studying farm-led innovations to investigate ways to overcome these dead-end situations. Using the innovation-tracking approach, we analyzed 16 French case studies. Through semi-structured interviews, we collected data on farmers' practices and their logic (i.e., the meaning farmers give to their practices within their situations). The results demonstrate six archetypes of glyphosate-free management logics for weeds and cover crops. Winegrower practices include adjusting the frequency and type of mechanical weeding, using equipment adapted to slope conditions (steep slopes, terraces). This equipment can be combined to manage both inter-row cover crops and under-vine weeds. Practices of low-till crop farmers involve integrating preventive and curative weed management strategies with various cover crop termination techniques (livestock grazing, mechanical methods), often linked to the level of farm diversification. We showed for the first time how winegrowers and low-till crop farmers combine the implementation of practices with innovative equipment use and participation in collective action to phase out glyphosate. These systemic innovations allowed farmers to overcome the increase of mechanization costs and workload through the sharing and development of equipment and work organization, ensuring timely weeding during vulnerable stages of the weed life cycle. Therefore, stopping glyphosate use requires a profound re-design of weed and cover crop management throughout the crop cycle. Finally, we argue that studying local innovations challenges how R&D stakeholders characterize dead-end situations regarding alternatives to pesticides.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Priscila Duarte Malanski) 05 May 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05613154v1
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[hal-05601204] Spatiotemporal patterns and determinants of soil organic carbon density in coastal Saline cropland: A case study of the Yellow River Delta, China
Coastal saline croplands play a crucial role in sustaining food production and carbon sequestration. However, their soil carbon sequestration dynamics and its key factors remain insufficiently understood under the combined pressures of climate change and human activities. Using the Yellow River Delta as a representative case, this study used soil organic carbon density (SOCD, kg·m −2 ) as an indicator to evaluate soil carbon storage from 2009 to 2022. Correlation analysis and Random Forest modeling were applied to quantify the contributions of environmental (climatic and edaphic) and anthropogenic (cropping system) factors to SOCD. Results showed that SOCD ranged from 1.79 to 2.94 kg·m −2 , with a significant upward trend of 0.07 kg·m −2 year −1 . Spatially, higher SOCD values occurred in the southern and inland regions than in the northern and coastal areas. Total nitrogen showed the strongest explanatory importance for SOCD variation, followed by mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, total potassium, evapotranspiration, and wind speed. In contrast, soluble salt content exerted a negative influence on SOCD. Among different cropping systems, SOCD was highest under the double‐season upland system (2.22 kg·m −2 ), followed by paddy fields (2.00 kg·m −2 ), and lowest under the single‐season upland system (1.84 kg·m −2 ). Soil salinity also affected SOC indirectly by regulating the spatial distribution of cropping systems. These findings suggest that enhancing SOCD in coastal saline croplands may require integrated management strategies, including (1) reducing soil salinity and improving nitrogen management, and (2) optimizing cropping systems under the constraints of soil salinity and water availability.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Yang Li) 24 Apr 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05601204v1
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[hal-05593316] Appréhender la territorialisation d’un système soutenable de travail. Réflexions à partir de l’exemple des systèmes alimentaires territorialisés
Analyser le travail réalisé par les acteurs qui œuvrent aux transitions des systèmes alimentaires dans une situation d’action publique territorialisée au sein d’un projet alimentaire territorial en vue de développer leur soutenabilité a présenté pour nous quatre défis conceptuels. Pour relever ces défis, nous proposons de mobiliser des notions issues de trois champs de recherche complémentaires (la sociologie rurale, la sociologie politique et les transition studies) pour développer un cadre d’analyse spécifique, afin d’appréhender ce qui est mis en travail dans les processus de territorialisation et de transition vers la soutenabilité des systèmes alimentaires, qui le réalise et les coordinations que cela nécessite. Nous présentons notre cheminement conceptuel pour établir sur quoi il nous semble judicieux de faire porter l’analyse : le couplage du système de travail avec son environnement. Puis nous illustrons la façon dont nous avons mené l’analyse et les résultats qui en ressortent à l’échelle d’un projet de recherche. Nous en tirons dans une dernière section quelques enseignements pour pointer des enjeux – théorique, méthodologique et pragmatique – qui restent à traiter selon nous pour analyser et accompagner, en tant qu’ergonome, des transformations systémiques en vue de contribuer au développement de systèmes soutenables de travail.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Vincent Boccara) 16 Apr 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05593316v1
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[hal-05627043] Vers une approche dynamique du travail soutenable en agriculture biologique
Dans ce rapport de recherche postdoctorale, nous explorons deux questions étroitement liées à l'agriculture biologique (AB) en France. D'une part, nous analysons les facteurs à l'origine de la crise actuelle du secteur et ses effets sur le travail des nouveaux agriculteurs installés hors cadre familial (HCF). D'autre part, nous proposons une réflexion approfondie sur la soutenabilité du travail de ces nouveaux entrants, en interrogeant la manière dont ils construisent leur rapport au travail dans la durée. La recherche s'appuie sur une enquête qualitative menée en Ardèche en 2024-2025, fondée sur 27 entretiens auprès d'experts nationaux, d'acteurs locaux et de 15 exploitants certifiés bio installés en HCF, et mobilise une approche interdisciplinaire croisant sociologie, géographie et ergonomie. Les résultats mettent en évidence une double ambivalence : d'une part, autour de l'idée même de crise de l'AB, dont la portée varie fortement selon les filières, les territoires et les circuits de commercialisation ; d'autre part, dans le vécu du travail des nouveaux entrants. Si ces agriculteurs expriment une forte satisfaction liée au sens du métier, à l'autonomie et au lien à la nature, ils font face à une pénibilité physique importante, une charge mentale élevée, des revenus insuffisants et un déséquilibre entre vie professionnelle et vie personnelle, particulièrement marqué lors des premières années d'installation. Sur le plan conceptuel, nos résultats montrent que le travail soutenable n'est pas un état stable, mais un processus dynamique construit par des ajustements successifs. Nous proposons de le définir comme reposant sur l'équilibre dynamique du système d'activité de l'agriculteur, dans lequel les tensions et contradictions internes n'entravent pas la continuité des activités productives et reproductives, humaines et non humaines, mais favorisent leur développement, leur ajustement et leur adaptation dans le temps. Cette perspective temporelle, articulant trajectoires passées, ajustements présents et projections futures, constitue l'une des contributions originales de cette recherche.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Emna Khemiri) 19 May 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05627043v1
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[hal-05485752] Beyond pesticide reduction: Exploring synergies between contrasted territorial scenarios
Pesticide use creates significant environmental, health and socioeconomic challenges and its reduction is hindered by sociotechnical lock-ins. The territorial level, combined with systemic approaches, is promising to overcome these systemic challenges. This research proposes an original methodological approach which, instead of aiming at creating consensus, explores contrasted pesticide reduction scenarios with local stakeholders based on existing initiatives in order to identify pathways for collective action. The study was conducted in the Western Plain of Montpellier, in Southern France, and involved a diversity of stakeholders from the territory and outside of the territory in 5 steps, using the Co-Click’Eau tool and workshops. The scenarios explored the potential of diversification for food production, biodiversity conservation and crop-livestock integration to meet pesticide reduction challenges. In addition to an important pesticide use reduction, each scenario proposed significant land-use and farming practices transformations. The analysis revealed that the approach was able to create spaces for dialogue through the formulation of synergies between these strategies by participants, especially on land-use management, technical levers, linking production to consumers and highlighted complementary contributions of biodiversity and livestock to the territory. Beyond its agronomic dimensions, the process opens the pathway to better coordination with the identification of synergies and tensions between different visions, helping to identify coherent strategies including agricultural production, biodiversity, and food objectives. By doing so, our approach contributes to embedding pesticide reduction into a broader, systemic reconfiguration of agroecosystems and territorial governance.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Myrto Parmantier) 04 Jun 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05485752v2
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[hal-05592024] Exploitations agricoles et territoires
Quelles nouvelles relations se tissent entre territoires et exploitations agricoles ? Cet ouvrage explore cette question à travers une diversité de paysages, des montagnes aux plaines céréalières, façonnés par des acteurs qui exploitent, gèrent et protègent des ressources telles que le foncier, la biodiversité sauvage ou domestique. Exploitations agricoles et territoires met en lumière les interactions renouvelées entre exploitations et acteurs des territoires, notamment autour de l’usage de la biomasse alimentaire, énergétique ou destinée à l’affouragement des troupeaux. Les développements présentent également des outils et méthodes permettant de diagnostiquer, concevoir ou évaluer les dynamiques agricoles territoriales : appariement de bases de données, analyse des flux de matière et d’énergie, démarches de co-conception, etc. Les contributions denses et documentées explorent les relations complexes entre exploitation et territoire, à travers les travaux d’équipes de recherche soucieuses de comprendre les mutations du monde agricole et leurs répercussions sur l’environnement, l’économie et la société.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Philippe Martin) 15 Apr 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05592024v1
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[hal-05700588] Faire atterrir" l'enjeu de démocratie alimentaire dans le projet alimentaire territorial de Marne et Gondoire (77)
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Julie Lequin) 22 Jul 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05700588v1
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[hal-05565997] Competences and know-how matrix
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Valentina Giovanelli) 25 Mar 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05565997v1
